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/* | 
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 * Copyright (C) 2000-2004  Object Oriented Parallel Simulation Engine (OOPSE) project | 
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 *  | 
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 * Contact: oopse@oopse.org | 
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 *  | 
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 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or | 
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 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License | 
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 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 | 
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 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version. | 
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 * All we ask is that proper credit is given for our work, which includes | 
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 * - but is not limited to - adding the above copyright notice to the beginning | 
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 * of your source code files, and to any copyright notice that you may distribute | 
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 * with programs based on this work. | 
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 *  | 
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 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | 
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 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | 
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 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the | 
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 * GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. | 
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 *  | 
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 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License | 
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 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software | 
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 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA. | 
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 /* | 
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 * Copyright (c) 2005 The University of Notre Dame. All Rights Reserved. | 
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 * | 
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 * The University of Notre Dame grants you ("Licensee") a | 
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 * non-exclusive, royalty free, license to use, modify and | 
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 * redistribute this software in source and binary code form, provided | 
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 * that the following conditions are met: | 
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 * | 
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 * 1. Acknowledgement of the program authors must be made in any | 
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 *    publication of scientific results based in part on use of the | 
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 *    program.  An acceptable form of acknowledgement is citation of | 
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 *    the article in which the program was described (Matthew | 
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 *    A. Meineke, Charles F. Vardeman II, Teng Lin, Christopher | 
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 *    J. Fennell and J. Daniel Gezelter, "OOPSE: An Object-Oriented | 
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 *    Parallel Simulation Engine for Molecular Dynamics," | 
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 *    J. Comput. Chem. 26, pp. 252-271 (2005)) | 
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 * | 
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 * 2. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright | 
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 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. | 
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 * | 
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 * 3. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright | 
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 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the | 
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 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the | 
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 *    distribution. | 
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 * | 
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 * This software is provided "AS IS," without a warranty of any | 
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 * kind. All express or implied conditions, representations and | 
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 * warranties, including any implied warranty of merchantability, | 
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 * fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement, are hereby | 
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 * excluded.  The University of Notre Dame and its licensors shall not | 
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 * be liable for any damages suffered by licensee as a result of | 
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 * using, modifying or distributing the software or its | 
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 * derivatives. In no event will the University of Notre Dame or its | 
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 * licensors be liable for any lost revenue, profit or data, or for | 
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 * direct, indirect, special, consequential, incidental or punitive | 
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 * damages, however caused and regardless of the theory of liability, | 
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 * arising out of the use of or inability to use software, even if the | 
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 * University of Notre Dame has been advised of the possibility of | 
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 * such damages. | 
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 */ | 
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  | 
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/** | 
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 * @file Quaternion.hpp | 
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 * @author Teng Lin | 
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#define MATH_QUATERNION_HPP | 
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 | 
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#include "math/Vector.hpp" | 
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#include "math/SquareMatrix.hpp" | 
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 | 
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namespace oopse{ | 
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 | 
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    template<typename Real> | 
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    class Quaternion : public Vector<Real, 4> { | 
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        public: | 
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            Quaternion(); | 
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            Quaternion() : Vector<Real, 4>() {} | 
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 | 
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            /** Constructs and initializes a Quaternion from w, x, y, z values */      | 
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            Quaternion(Real w, Real x, Real y, Real z) { | 
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                data_[0] = w; | 
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                data_[1] = x; | 
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                data_[2] = y; | 
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                data_[3] = z;                 | 
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                this->data_[0] = w; | 
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                this->data_[1] = x; | 
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                this->data_[2] = y; | 
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                this->data_[3] = z;                 | 
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            } | 
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             | 
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            /** | 
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             *   | 
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             */ | 
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            /** Constructs and initializes a Quaternion from a  Vector<Real,4> */      | 
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            Quaternion(const Vector<Real,4>& v)  | 
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                : Vector<Real, 4>(v){ | 
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            } | 
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 | 
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            /** */ | 
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            /** copy assignment */ | 
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            Quaternion& operator =(const Vector<Real, 4>& v){ | 
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                if (this == & v) | 
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                    return *this; | 
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             * @return the value of the first element of this quaternion | 
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             */ | 
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            Real w() const { | 
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                return data_[0]; | 
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                return this->data_[0]; | 
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            } | 
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 | 
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            /** | 
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             * @return the reference of the first element of this quaternion | 
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             */ | 
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            Real& w() { | 
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                return data_[0];     | 
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                return this->data_[0];     | 
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            } | 
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 | 
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            /** | 
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             * @return the value of the first element of this quaternion | 
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             */ | 
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            Real x() const { | 
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                return data_[1]; | 
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                return this->data_[1]; | 
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            } | 
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 | 
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            /** | 
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             * @return the reference of the second element of this quaternion | 
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             */ | 
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            Real& x() { | 
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                return data_[1];     | 
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                return this->data_[1];     | 
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            } | 
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 | 
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            /** | 
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             * @return the value of the third element of this quaternion | 
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             */ | 
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            Real y() const { | 
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                return data_[2]; | 
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                return this->data_[2]; | 
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            } | 
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 | 
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            /** | 
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             * @return the reference of the third element of this quaternion | 
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             */            | 
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            Real& y() { | 
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                return data_[2];     | 
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                return this->data_[2];     | 
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            } | 
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 | 
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            /** | 
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             * @return the value of the fourth element of this quaternion | 
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             */ | 
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            Real z() const { | 
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                return data_[3]; | 
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                return this->data_[3]; | 
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            } | 
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            /** | 
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             * Returns the reference of the fourth element of this quaternion. | 
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             * @return the reference of the fourth element of this quaternion | 
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             */ | 
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            Real& z() { | 
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                return data_[3];     | 
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                return this->data_[3];     | 
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            } | 
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 | 
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            /** | 
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             * Tests if this quaternion is equal to other quaternion | 
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             * @return true if equal, otherwise return false | 
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             * @param q quaternion to be compared | 
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             */ | 
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             inline bool operator ==(const Quaternion<Real>& q) { | 
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 | 
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                for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 4; i ++) { | 
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                    if (!equal(this->data_[i], q[i])) { | 
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                        return false; | 
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                    } | 
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                } | 
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                return true; | 
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            } | 
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            /** | 
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             * Returns the inverse of this quaternion | 
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             * @return inverse | 
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             * @note since quaternion is a complex number, the inverse of quaternion | 
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             * q = w + xi + yj+ zk is inv_q = (w -xi - yj - zk)/(|q|^2) | 
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             */ | 
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            Quaternion<Real> inverse(){ | 
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            Quaternion<Real> inverse() { | 
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                Quaternion<Real> q; | 
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                Real d = this->lengthSquared(); | 
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                Real d = this->lengthSquare(); | 
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                q.w() = w() / d; | 
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                q.x() = -x() / d; | 
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             * @param q the other quaternion | 
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             */ | 
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            void mul(const Quaternion<Real>& q) { | 
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                Quaternion<Real> tmp(*this); | 
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 | 
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                Real a0( (z() - y()) * (q.y() - q.z()) ); | 
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                Real a1( (w() + x()) * (q.w() + q.x()) ); | 
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                Real a2( (w() - x()) * (q.y() + q.z()) ); | 
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                Real a3( (y() + z()) * (q.w() - q.x()) ); | 
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                Real b0( -(x() - z()) * (q.x() - q.y()) ); | 
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                Real b1( -(x() + z()) * (q.x() + q.y()) ); | 
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                Real b2( (w() + y()) * (q.w() - q.z()) ); | 
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                Real b3( (w() - y()) * (q.w() + q.z()) ); | 
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                this->data_[0] = (tmp[0]*q[0]) -(tmp[1]*q[1]) - (tmp[2]*q[2]) - (tmp[3]*q[3]); | 
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                this->data_[1] = (tmp[0]*q[1]) + (tmp[1]*q[0]) + (tmp[2]*q[3]) - (tmp[3]*q[2]); | 
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                this->data_[2] = (tmp[0]*q[2]) + (tmp[2]*q[0]) + (tmp[3]*q[1]) - (tmp[1]*q[3]); | 
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                this->data_[3] = (tmp[0]*q[3]) + (tmp[3]*q[0]) + (tmp[1]*q[2]) - (tmp[2]*q[1]);                 | 
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            } | 
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                data_[0] = a0 + 0.5*(b0 + b1 + b2 + b3),; | 
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                data_[1] = a1 + 0.5*(b0 + b1 - b2 - b3); | 
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                data_[2] = a2 + 0.5*(b0 - b1 + b2 - b3), | 
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                data_[3] = a3 + 0.5*(b0 - b1 - b2 + b3) ); | 
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            void mul(const Real& s) { | 
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                this->data_[0] *= s; | 
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                this->data_[1] *= s; | 
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                this->data_[2] *= s; | 
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                this->data_[3] *= s; | 
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            } | 
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 | 
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            /** Set the value of this quaternion to the division of itself by another quaternion */ | 
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            void div(const Quaternion<Real>& q) { | 
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            void div(Quaternion<Real>& q) { | 
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                mul(q.inverse()); | 
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            } | 
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 | 
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            void div(const Real& s) { | 
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                this->data_[0] /= s; | 
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                this->data_[1] /= s; | 
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                this->data_[2] /= s; | 
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                this->data_[3] /= s; | 
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            } | 
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             | 
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            Quaternion<Real>& operator *=(const Quaternion<Real>& q) { | 
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                mul(q); | 
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                return *this; | 
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            } | 
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                         | 
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            Quaternion<Real>& operator /=(const Quaternion<Real>& q) { | 
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                mul(q.inverse()); | 
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 | 
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            Quaternion<Real>& operator *=(const Real& s) { | 
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                mul(s); | 
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                return *this; | 
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            } | 
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             | 
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            Quaternion<Real>& operator /=(Quaternion<Real>& q) {                 | 
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                *this *= q.inverse(); | 
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                return *this; | 
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            } | 
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 | 
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            Quaternion<Real>& operator /=(const Real& s) { | 
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                div(s); | 
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                return *this; | 
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            }             | 
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            /** | 
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             * Returns the conjugate quaternion of this quaternion | 
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             * @return the conjugate quaternion of this quaternion | 
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                Real y2; | 
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                Real z2; | 
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 | 
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< | 
                if (!isNormalized()) | 
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                    normalize(); | 
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                if (!this->isNormalized()) | 
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                    this->normalize(); | 
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                 | 
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                w2 = w() * w(); | 
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                x2 = x() * x(); | 
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                rotMat3(2, 0) = 2.0 * ( x() * z() + w() * y() ); | 
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                rotMat3(2, 1) = 2.0 * ( y() * z() - w() * x() ); | 
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                rotMat3(2, 2) = w2 - x2 -y2 +z2; | 
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 | 
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                return rotMat3; | 
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            } | 
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 | 
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    };//end Quaternion | 
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 | 
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 | 
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    /** | 
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     * Returns the vaule of scalar multiplication of this quaterion q (q * s).  | 
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     * @return  the vaule of scalar multiplication of this vector | 
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     * @param q the source quaternion | 
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     * @param s the scalar value | 
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     */ | 
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    template<typename Real, unsigned int Dim>                  | 
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    Quaternion<Real> operator * ( const Quaternion<Real>& q, Real s) {        | 
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        Quaternion<Real> result(q); | 
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        result.mul(s); | 
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        return result;            | 
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    } | 
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     | 
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    /** | 
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     * Returns the vaule of scalar multiplication of this quaterion q (q * s).  | 
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     * @return  the vaule of scalar multiplication of this vector | 
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     * @param s the scalar value | 
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     * @param q the source quaternion | 
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     */   | 
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    template<typename Real, unsigned int Dim> | 
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+ | 
    Quaternion<Real> operator * ( const Real& s, const Quaternion<Real>& q ) { | 
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+ | 
        Quaternion<Real> result(q); | 
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        result.mul(s); | 
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        return result;            | 
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    }     | 
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 | 
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    /** | 
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     * Returns the multiplication of two quaternion | 
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     * @return the multiplication of two quaternion | 
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     * @param q1 the first quaternion | 
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     */ | 
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 | 
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    template<typename Real> | 
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< | 
    inline Quaternion<Real> operator /(const Quaternion<Real>& q1, const Quaternion<Real>& q2) { | 
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> | 
    inline Quaternion<Real> operator /( Quaternion<Real>& q1,  Quaternion<Real>& q2) { | 
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  | 
        return q1 * q2.inverse(); | 
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    } | 
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 | 
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     * @note for a quaternion q, 1/q = q.inverse() | 
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     */ | 
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    template<typename Real> | 
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< | 
    Quaternion<Real> operator /(const Real& s, const Quaternion<Real>& q) { | 
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> | 
    Quaternion<Real> operator /(const Real& s,  Quaternion<Real>& q) { | 
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  | 
 | 
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< | 
        Quaternion<Real> x = q.inv(); | 
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< | 
        return x * s; | 
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> | 
        Quaternion<Real> x; | 
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> | 
        x = q.inverse(); | 
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> | 
        x *= s; | 
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> | 
        return x; | 
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    } | 
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< | 
 | 
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> | 
     | 
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> | 
    template <class T> | 
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> | 
    inline bool operator==(const Quaternion<T>& lhs, const Quaternion<T>& rhs) { | 
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> | 
        return equal(lhs[0] ,rhs[0]) && equal(lhs[1] , rhs[1]) && equal(lhs[2], rhs[2]) && equal(lhs[3], rhs[3]); | 
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> | 
    } | 
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> | 
     | 
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    typedef Quaternion<double> Quat4d; | 
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} | 
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#endif //MATH_QUATERNION_HPP  |