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root/group/trunk/COonPt/firstTryBibliography.bib
Revision: 3816
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1 jmichalk 3802 %% This BibTeX bibliography file was created using BibDesk.
2     %% http://bibdesk.sourceforge.net/
3    
4    
5 jmichalk 3816 %% Created for Joseph Michalka at 2012-12-14 16:34:09 -0500
6 jmichalk 3802
7    
8     %% Saved with string encoding Unicode (UTF-8)
9    
10    
11 gezelter 3808 @string{acp = {Adv. Chem. Phys.}}
12 jmichalk 3802
13 gezelter 3808 @string{bj = {Biophys. J.}}
14    
15     @string{ccp5 = {CCP5 Information Quarterly}}
16    
17     @string{cp = {Chem. Phys.}}
18    
19     @string{cpl = {Chem. Phys. Lett.}}
20    
21     @string{ea = {Electrochim. Acta}}
22    
23     @string{jacs = {J. Am. Chem. Soc.}}
24    
25     @string{jbc = {J. Biol. Chem.}}
26    
27     @string{jcat = {J. Catalysis}}
28    
29     @string{jcc = {J. Comp. Chem.}}
30    
31     @string{jcop = {J. Comp. Phys.}}
32    
33     @string{jcp = {J. Chem. Phys.}}
34    
35     @string{jctc = {J. Chem. Theory Comp.}}
36    
37     @string{jmc = {J. Med. Chem.}}
38    
39     @string{jml = {J. Mol. Liq.}}
40    
41     @string{jmm = {J. Mol. Model.}}
42    
43     @string{jpc = {J. Phys. Chem.}}
44    
45     @string{jpca = {J. Phys. Chem. A}}
46    
47     @string{jpcb = {J. Phys. Chem. B}}
48    
49     @string{jpcc = {J. Phys. Chem. C}}
50    
51     @string{jpcl = {J. Phys. Chem. Lett.}}
52    
53     @string{mp = {Mol. Phys.}}
54    
55     @string{pams = {Proc. Am. Math Soc.}}
56    
57     @string{pccp = {Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.}}
58    
59     @string{pnas = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA}}
60    
61     @string{pr = {Phys. Rev.}}
62    
63     @string{pra = {Phys. Rev. A}}
64    
65     @string{prb = {Phys. Rev. B}}
66    
67     @string{pre = {Phys. Rev. E}}
68    
69     @string{prl = {Phys. Rev. Lett.}}
70    
71     @string{rmp = {Rev. Mod. Phys.}}
72    
73     @string{ss = {Surf. Sci.}}
74    
75    
76 jmichalk 3816 @article{TPD_Gold,
77     Author = {G. S. Elliot and D. R. Miller},
78     Date-Added = {2012-12-14 21:32:06 +0000},
79     Date-Modified = {2012-12-14 21:33:43 +0000},
80     Journal = {Proc. 14th Int. Symp. on Rarefied Gas Dynamics},
81     Pages = {349-58},
82     Year = {1984}}
83    
84 jmichalk 3813 @article{Ewald,
85     Author = {C. J. Fennell and J. D. Gezelter},
86     Date-Added = {2012-12-14 04:22:33 +0000},
87     Date-Modified = {2012-12-14 04:23:31 +0000},
88     Journal = {J. Chem. Phys.},
89     Keywords = {Ewald and OpenMD},
90     Month = {June},
91     Pages = {234104},
92     Title = {Is the Ewald summation still necessary? Pairwise alternatives to the accepted standard for long-range electrostatics},
93     Volume = {124},
94     Year = {2006}}
95    
96     @article{OOPSE,
97     Author = {Meineke, Matthew A. and Vardeman, Charles F. and Lin, Teng and Fennell, Christopher J. and Gezelter, J. Daniel},
98     Date-Added = {2012-12-14 04:19:33 +0000},
99     Date-Modified = {2012-12-14 04:19:40 +0000},
100     Doi = {10.1002/jcc.20161},
101     Issn = {1096-987X},
102     Journal = {Journal of Computational Chemistry},
103     Keywords = {OOPSE, molecular dynamics},
104     Number = {3},
105     Pages = {252--271},
106     Publisher = {Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company},
107     Title = {OOPSE: An object-oriented parallel simulation engine for molecular dynamics},
108     Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.20161},
109     Volume = {26},
110     Year = {2005},
111     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.20161}}
112    
113 jmichalk 3812 @article{Monkhorst:1976,
114     Author = {Monkhorst, Hendrik J. and Pack, James D.},
115     Date-Added = {2012-12-14 02:25:00 +0000},
116     Date-Modified = {2012-12-14 02:25:11 +0000},
117     Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.13.5188},
118     Issue = {12},
119     Journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
120     Month = {Jun},
121     Pages = {5188--5192},
122     Publisher = {American Physical Society},
123     Title = {Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations},
124     Url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.13.5188},
125     Volume = {13},
126     Year = {1976},
127     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.13.5188},
128     Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.13.5188}}
129    
130     @article{Perdew_GGA,
131     Author = {Perdew, John P. and Burke, Kieron and Ernzerhof, Matthias},
132     Date-Added = {2012-12-14 01:59:04 +0000},
133     Date-Modified = {2012-12-14 01:59:12 +0000},
134     Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865},
135     Issue = {18},
136     Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
137     Month = {Oct},
138     Pages = {3865--3868},
139     Publisher = {American Physical Society},
140     Title = {Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple},
141     Url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865},
142     Volume = {77},
143     Year = {1996},
144     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865},
145     Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865}}
146    
147     @article{RRKJ_PP,
148     Author = {Rappe, Andrew M. and Rabe, Karin M. and Kaxiras, Efthimios and Joannopoulos, J. D.},
149     Date-Added = {2012-12-14 01:39:59 +0000},
150     Date-Modified = {2012-12-14 01:40:21 +0000},
151     Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.41.1227},
152     Issue = {2},
153     Journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
154     Month = {Jan},
155     Pages = {1227--1230},
156     Publisher = {American Physical Society},
157     Title = {Optimized pseudopotentials},
158     Url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.41.1227},
159     Volume = {41},
160     Year = {1990},
161     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.41.1227},
162     Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.41.1227}}
163    
164     @article{QE-2009,
165     Author = {Paolo Giannozzi and Stefano Baroni and Nicola Bonini and Matteo Calandra and Roberto Car and Carlo Cavazzoni and Davide Ceresoli and Guido L Chiarotti and Matteo Cococcioni and Ismaila Dabo and Andrea {Dal Corso} and Stefano de Gironcoli and Stefano Fabris and Guido Fratesi and Ralph Gebauer and Uwe Gerstmann and Christos Gougoussis and Anton Kokalj and Michele Lazzeri and Layla Martin-Samos and Nicola Marzari and Francesco Mauri and Riccardo Mazzarello and Stefano Paolini and Alfredo Pasquarello and Lorenzo Paulatto and Carlo Sbraccia and Sandro Scandolo and Gabriele Sclauzero and Ari P Seitsonen and Alexander Smogunov and Paolo Umari and Renata M Wentzcovitch},
166     Date-Added = {2012-12-14 01:34:50 +0000},
167     Date-Modified = {2012-12-14 01:34:50 +0000},
168     Journal = {Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter},
169     Number = {39},
170     Pages = {395502 (19pp)},
171     Title = {QUANTUM ESPRESSO: a modular and open-source software project for quantum simulations of materials},
172     Url = {http://www.quantum-espresso.org},
173     Volume = {21},
174     Year = {2009},
175     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.quantum-espresso.org}}
176    
177 jmichalk 3811 @article{Deshlahra:2012,
178     Author = {P. Deshlahra and J. Conway and E. E. Wolf and W. F. Schneider},
179     Date-Added = {2012-12-13 20:31:25 +0000},
180     Date-Modified = {2012-12-13 20:32:44 +0000},
181     Journal = {Langumuir},
182     Keywords = {Dipole Interactions CO Pt},
183     Month = {April},
184     Pages = {8408},
185     Title = {Influence of Dipole-Dipole Interactions on Coverage-Dependent Adsorption: CO and NO on Pt(111)},
186     Volume = {28},
187     Year = {2012}}
188    
189     @article{Mason:2004,
190     Author = {S. E. Mason and I. Grinberg and A. M. Rappe},
191     Date-Added = {2012-12-13 20:23:19 +0000},
192     Date-Modified = {2012-12-13 20:24:28 +0000},
193     Journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
194     Keywords = {CO},
195     Month = {April},
196     Pages = {161401},
197     Title = {First-principles extrapolation method for accurate CO adsorption energies on metal surfaces},
198     Volume = {69},
199     Year = {2004}}
200    
201     @article{Deshlahra:2009,
202     Author = {P. Deshlahra and E. E. Wolf and W. F. Schneider},
203     Date-Added = {2012-12-13 20:06:26 +0000},
204     Date-Modified = {2012-12-13 20:07:35 +0000},
205     Journal = {J. Phys. Chem. A},
206     Keywords = {DFT CO Electric Fields},
207     Month = {February},
208     Pages = {4125},
209     Title = {A Periodic Density Functional Theory Analysis of CO Chemisorption on Pt(111) in the Presence of Uniform Electric Fields},
210     Volume = {113},
211     Year = {2009},
212     Bdsk-File-1 = {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}}
213    
214     @article{Ertl:1977,
215     Author = {G. Ertl and M. Neumann and K.M. Streit},
216     Date-Added = {2012-12-13 20:00:24 +0000},
217     Date-Modified = {2012-12-13 20:01:14 +0000},
218     Journal = {Surface Science},
219     Keywords = {CO Pt(111)},
220     Month = {January},
221     Pages = {393},
222     Title = {Chemisorption of CO on the Pt(111) Surface},
223     Volume = {64},
224     Year = {1977},
225     Bdsk-File-1 = {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}}
226    
227     @article{Hopster:1978,
228     Author = {H. Hopster and H. Ibach},
229     Date-Added = {2012-12-13 19:51:30 +0000},
230     Date-Modified = {2012-12-13 19:53:17 +0000},
231     Journal = {Surface Science},
232     Keywords = {EELS CO Pt},
233     Month = {April},
234     Pages = {109},
235     Title = {Adsorption of CO on Pt(111) and Pt 6(111) X (111) Studied by High Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy},
236     Volume = {77},
237     Year = {1978},
238     Bdsk-File-1 = {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}}
239    
240     @article{Pons:1986,
241     Author = {C. Korzeniewski and S. Pons and P. P. Schmidt and M. W. Severson},
242     Date-Added = {2012-12-13 18:56:39 +0000},
243     Date-Modified = {2012-12-13 18:58:47 +0000},
244     Journal = {J. Chem. Phys.},
245     Keywords = {CO parameters},
246     Month = {June},
247     Pages = {4153},
248     Title = {A theoretical analysis of the vibrational spectrum of carbon monoxide on platinum metal electrodes},
249     Volume = {85},
250     Year = {1986}}
251    
252     @article{QuadrupoleCOCalc,
253     Author = {A. Rizzo and S. Coriani and A. Halkier and C. H{\"a}ttig},
254     Date-Added = {2012-12-13 17:53:33 +0000},
255     Date-Modified = {2012-12-13 18:59:05 +0000},
256     Journal = {J. Chem. Phys.},
257     Keywords = {Quadrupole; Ab initio},
258     Month = {May},
259     Pages = {3077},
260     Title = {Ab initio study of the electric-field-gradient-indeuced birefringence of a polar molecule: CO},
261     Volume = {113},
262     Year = {2000}}
263    
264     @article{QuadrupoleCO,
265     Author = {N. Chetty and V.~W. Couling},
266     Date-Added = {2012-12-12 21:36:59 +0000},
267     Date-Modified = {2012-12-12 21:38:48 +0000},
268     Journal = {J. Chem. Phys.},
269     Keywords = {CO; Quadrupole},
270     Month = {April},
271     Pages = {164307},
272     Title = {Measurement of the electric quadrupole moment of CO},
273     Volume = {134},
274     Year = {2011}}
275    
276 gezelter 3808 @article{Tao:2010,
277     Abstract = {Stepped single-crystal surfaces are viewed as models of real catalysts, which consist of small metal particles exposing a large number of low-coordination sites. We found that stepped platinum (Pt) surfaces can undergo extensive and reversible restructuring when exposed to carbon monoxide (CO) at pressures above 0.1 torr. Scanning tunneling microscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy studies under gaseous environments near ambient pressure at room temperature revealed that as the CO surface coverage approaches 100%, the originally flat terraces of (557) and (332) oriented Pt crystals break up into nanometer-sized clusters and revert to the initial morphology after pumping out the CO gas. Density functional theory calculations provide a rationale for the observations whereby the creation of increased concentrations of low-coordination Pt edge sites in the formed nanoclusters relieves the strong CO-CO repulsion in the highly compressed adsorbate film. This restructuring phenomenon has important implications for heterogeneous catalytic reactions.},
278     Author = {Tao, Feng and Dag, Sefa and Wang, Lin-Wang and Liu, Zhi and Butcher, Derek R. and Bluhm, Hendrik and Salmeron, Miquel and Somorjai, Gabor A.},
279     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:42:01 +0000},
280     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:42:01 +0000},
281     Journal = {Science},
282     Keywords = {Pt CO reconstruction},
283     Number = {5967},
284     Pages = {850-853},
285     Title = {Break-Up of Stepped Platinum Catalyst Surfaces by High CO Coverage},
286     Volume = {327},
287     Year = {2010}}
288    
289     @article{Hendriksen:2002,
290     Abstract = {We have used a novel, high-pressure high-temperature scanning tunneling microscope, which is set
291     up as a flow reactor, to determine simultaneously the surface structure and the reactivity of a Pt(110)
292     model catalyst at semirealistic reaction conditions for CO oxidation. By controlled switching from a
293     CO-rich to an O2-rich flow and vice versa, we can reversibly oxidize and reduce the platinum surface.
294     The formation of the surface oxide has a dramatic effect on the CO2 production rate. Our results show
295     that there is a strict one-to-one correspondence between the surface structure and the catalytic activity,
296     and suggest a reaction mechanism which is not observed at low pressures.},
297     Author = {Hendriksen, B.L.M. and Frenken, J.W.M.},
298     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:41:58 +0000},
299     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:41:58 +0000},
300     Journal = prl,
301     Keywords = {CO Mars van Krevelen noble metals oxidation oxides tunneling},
302     Pages = {0461011},
303     Title = {CO Oxidation on Pt(110): Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Inside a High-Pressure Flow Reactor},
304     Volume = {89},
305     Year = {2002}}
306    
307     @article{Ertl08,
308     Author = {G. Ertl},
309     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:41:30 +0000},
310     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:41:30 +0000},
311     Isbn = {1433-7851},
312     Journal = {Angewandte Chemie-International Edition},
313     Junk = {PT: J; TC: 5},
314     Number = {19},
315     Pages = {3524-3535},
316     Title = {Reactions at surfaces: From atoms to complexity (Nobel lecture)},
317     Volume = {47},
318     Year = {2008}}
319    
320     @article{ISI:000083924800001,
321     Abstract = {{One of the prominent arguments for performing surface science studies
322     have for many years been to improve and design new and better catalysts.
323     Although surface science has provided the fundamental framework and
324     tools for understanding heterogeneous catalysis until now there have
325     been extremely few examples of actually designing new catalysts based
326     solely on surface science studies. In this review, we shall demonstrate
327     how a close collaboration between different fundamental disciplines like
328     structural-, theoretical-and reactivity-studies of surfaces as well as a
329     strong interaction with industry can have strong synergetic effects and
330     how this was used to develop a new catalyst. As so often before the
331     studies reviewed here were not initiated with the objective to solve a
332     specific problem, but realizing that a new class of very stable
333     two-dimensional alloys could be synthesized from otherwise immiscible
334     metals made it possible to present a new solution to a specific problem
335     in the industrial catalysis relating to methane activation in the steam
336     reforming process. Methane is the main constituent of natural gas and it
337     is an extremely important raw material for many large scale chemical
338     processes such as production of hydrogen, ammonia, and methanol. In the
339     steam reforming process methane and water are converted into a mixture
340     of mainly hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the so-called synthesis gas.
341     Industrially the steam reforming process usually takes place over a
342     catalyst containing small nickel crystallites highly dispersed on a
343     porous support material like aluminum/magnesium oxides in order to
344     achieve a high active metal area. There is a general consensus that the
345     rate limiting step of this process is the dissociative sticking of
346     methane on the nickel surface. Driven by the desire to understand this
347     step and hopefully be able to manipulate the reactivity, a large number
348     of investigations of the methane/nickel interaction have been performed
349     using nickel single crystals as model catalysts. The process has been
350     investigated, both under thermal conditions and by using supersonic
351     molecular beams elucidating the dynamical aspects of the interaction.
352     The results obtained will be reviewed both with respect to the clean and
353     modified nickel surfaces. Especially the two-dimensional gold-nickel
354     alloy system will be considered since the fundamental results here have
355     lead to the invention of a new nickel based catalyst, which is much more
356     resistant to carbon formation than the conventional nickel catalysts.
357     This may be one of the first examples of how fundamental research can
358     lead to the invention of new catalysts. Other overlayer/alloy
359     combinations, their stability, and reactivity are briefly discussed with
360     respect to manipulation of the surface reactivity towards methane. (C)
361     1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.}},
362     Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
363     Affiliation = {{Chorkendorff, I (Reprint Author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.. Tech Univ Denmark, ICAT, Dept Phys,Ctr Atom Scale Mat Phys, Interdisciplinary Res Ctr Catalysis \& Camp, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.}},
364     Author = {Larsen, JH and Chorkendorff, I},
365     Author-Email = {{ibchork@fysik.dtu.dk}},
366     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:40:26 +0000},
367     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:40:26 +0000},
368     Doc-Delivery-Number = {{259ZX}},
369     Issn = {{0167-5729}},
370     Journal = {{SURFACE SCIENCE REPORTS}},
371     Journal-Iso = {{Surf. Sci. Rep.}},
372     Keywords-Plus = {{ACTIVATED DISSOCIATIVE CHEMISORPTION; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ELECTRON-ENERGY-LOSS; NI-CU CATALYSTS; MOLECULAR-BEAM; METHANOL SYNTHESIS; CH4 DISSOCIATION; SURFACE SCIENCE; METAL-SURFACES; PRESSURE GAP}},
373     Language = {{English}},
374     Number = {{5-8}},
375     Number-Of-Cited-References = {{169}},
376     Pages = {{165-222}},
377     Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
378     Research-Areas = {{Chemistry; Physics}},
379     Researcherid-Numbers = {{Nielsen, Jane/A-9089-2011 Chorkendorff, Ib/C-7282-2008}},
380     Times-Cited = {{54}},
381     Title = {{From fundamental studies of reactivity on single crystals to the design of catalysts}},
382     Type = {{Review}},
383     Unique-Id = {{ISI:000083924800001}},
384     Volume = {{35}},
385     Web-Of-Science-Categories = {{Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter}},
386     Year = {{1999}}}
387    
388     @article{ISI:000083038000001,
389     Abstract = {{The properties of steps in thermal equilibrium are described in the
390     context of prediction of the stability and evolution of nanostructures
391     on surfaces. Experimental techniques for measuring the appropriate step
392     parameters are described, and simple lattice models for interpreting the
393     observations are reviewed. The concept of the step chemical potential
394     and its application to the prediction of step motion (and therefore
395     surface mass transport) is presented in depth. Examples of the
396     application of this step-continuum approach to experimental observations
397     of evolution of surface morphology are presented for morphological phase
398     transitions, the decay of metastable structures, and the spontaneous
399     evolution of metastable structure due to kinetic instabilities. (C) 1999
400     Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.}},
401     Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
402     Affiliation = {{Williams, ED (Reprint Author), Univ Maryland, Mat Res Sci \& Engn Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.. Univ Maryland, Mat Res Sci \& Engn Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Sejong Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143747, South Korea.}},
403     Author = {Jeong, HC and Williams, ED},
404     Author-Email = {{edw@physics.umd.edu}},
405     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:39:10 +0000},
406     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:39:10 +0000},
407     Doc-Delivery-Number = {{244EC}},
408     Doi = {{10.1016/S0167-5729(98)00010-7}},
409     Issn = {{0167-5729}},
410     Journal = {{SURFACE SCIENCE REPORTS}},
411     Journal-Iso = {{Surf. Sci. Rep.}},
412     Keywords-Plus = {{SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; VICINAL SI(111) SURFACES; REFLECTION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ORIENTATIONAL PHASE-DIAGRAM; X-RAY-SCATTERING; TERRACE-WIDTH DISTRIBUTIONS; EQUILIBRIUM CRYSTAL SHAPE; SILICON SURFACES; ROUGHENING TRANSITION; METAL-SURFACES}},
413     Language = {{English}},
414     Number = {{6-8}},
415     Number-Of-Cited-References = {{343}},
416     Pages = {{171-294}},
417     Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
418     Research-Areas = {{Chemistry; Physics}},
419     Times-Cited = {{419}},
420     Title = {{Steps on surfaces: experiment and theory}},
421     Type = {{Review}},
422     Unique-Id = {{ISI:000083038000001}},
423     Volume = {{34}},
424     Web-Of-Science-Categories = {{Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter}},
425     Year = {{1999}},
426     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5729(98)00010-7%7D}}
427    
428     @article{PhysRevB.37.3924,
429     Author = {Johnson, R. A.},
430     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:21:17 +0000},
431     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:21:17 +0000},
432     Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.37.3924},
433     Journal = prb,
434     Month = {Mar},
435     Number = {8},
436     Numpages = {7},
437     Pages = {3924--3931},
438     Publisher = {American Physical Society},
439     Title = {Analytic nearest-neighbor model for fcc metals},
440     Volume = {37},
441     Year = {1988},
442     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.37.3924}}
443    
444     @article{mishin01:cu,
445     Abstract = {We evaluate the ability of the embedded-atom method (EAM) potentials and the tight-binding (TB) method to predict reliably energies and stability of nonequilibrium structures by taking Cu as a model material. Two EAM potentials are used here. One is constructed in this work by using more fitting parameters than usual and including {\em ab initio} energies in the fitting database. The other potential was constructed previously using a traditional scheme. Excellent agreement is observed between {\em ab initio}, TB, and EAM results for the energies and stability of several nonequilibrium structures of Cu, as well as for energies along deformation paths between different structures. We conclude that not only TB calculations but also EAM potentials can be suitable for simulations in which correct energies and stability of different atomic configurations are essential, at least for Cu. The bcc, simple cubic, and diamond structures of Cu were identified as elastically unstable, while some other structures (e.g., hcp and 9R) are metastable. As an application of this analysis, nonequilibrium structures of epitaxial Cu films on (001)-oriented fcc or bcc substrates are evaluated using a simple model and atomistic simulations with an EAM potential. In agreement with experimental data, the structure of the film can be either deformed fcc or deformed hcp. The bcc structure cannot be stabilized by epitaxial constraints.},
446     Author = {Y. Mishin and M. J. Mehl and D. A. Papaconstantopoulos and A. F. Voter and J. D. Kress},
447     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:20:51 +0000},
448     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:20:51 +0000},
449     Journal = prb,
450     Month = {June},
451     Pages = 224106,
452     Title = {Structural stability and lattice defects in copper: {\em Ab initio}, tight-binding, and embed-ded-atom methods},
453     Url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v63/e224106},
454     Volume = 63,
455     Year = 2001,
456     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v63/e224106}}
457    
458     @article{mishin02:b2nial,
459     Abstract = {An embedded-atom potential has been constructed for the intermetallic compound B2-NiAl by fitting to both experimental properties and {\em ab initio} data. The {\em ab initio} data have been generated in the form of energy-volume relations for a number of alternative structures of NiAl and Ni$_3$Al, as well as for Ni and Al. The potential accurately reproduces the basic lattice properties of B2-NiAl, planar faults, and point-defect characteristics. It also reproduces the energetics and stability of all other structures included in the fit. The potential is applied to calculate equilibrium point-defect concentrations in B2-NiAl as functions of temperature and composition near the stoichiometry. In contrast to previous calculations, the defect formation entropies arising from atomic vibrations are included in our calculation within the quasiharmonic approximation. Such entropies tend to increase the concentrations of thermal point defects in B2-NiAl at high temperatures, but the atomic disorder mechanism remains triple-defect type up to the melting point.},
460     Author = {Y. Mishin and M. J. Mehl and D. A. Papaconstantopoulos},
461     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:20:51 +0000},
462     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:20:51 +0000},
463     Journal = prb,
464     Month = {June},
465     Number = 22,
466     Pages = 224114,
467     Title = {Embedded-atom potential for B2-NiAl},
468     Url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v65/e224114},
469     Volume = 65,
470     Year = 2002,
471     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v65/e224114}}
472    
473     @article{mishin05:phase_fe_ni,
474     Abstract = {First-principles calculations of the energy of various crystal structures of Fe, Ni and ordered Fe\x{2013}Ni compounds with different stoichiometries have been performed by the linearized augmented plane wave (LAPW) method in the generalized gradient approximation. The most stable compounds are L12\x{2013}Ni3Fe, L10\x{2013}FeNi, C11f\x{2013}Ni2Fe and C11f\x{2013}Fe2Ni. The L12\x{2013}Ni3Fe compound has the largest negative formation energy, which is consistent with the experimental Fe\x{2013}Ni phase diagram. The L10\x{2013}FeNi compound has also been observed experimentally in meteorite samples as a metastable phase. It is suggested here that the C11f compounds could also form in Fe\x{2013}Ni alloys at low temperatures. A new semi-empirical interatomic potential has been developed for the Fe\x{2013}Ni system by fitting to experimental data and the results of the LAPW calculations. Recognizing the significance of the covalent component of bonding in this system, the potential is based on the embedded-atom method (EAM) but additionally includes a bond-angle dependence. In comparison with the existing modified EAM method, our potential form is simpler, extends interactions to several (3\x{2013}5) coordination shells and replaces the screening procedure by a smooth cutoff of the potential functions. The potential reproduces a variety of properties of Fe and Ni with a reasonable accuracy. It also reproduces all stability trends across the Fe\x{2013}Ni system established by the LAPW calculations. The potential can be useful in atomistic simulations of the phases of the Fe\x{2013}Ni system.},
475     Author = {Y. Mishin and M.J. Mehl and D.A. Papaconstantopoulos},
476     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:20:51 +0000},
477     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:20:51 +0000},
478     Journal = {Acta Mat.},
479     Month = {September},
480     Number = 15,
481     Pages = {4029-4041},
482     Title = {Phase stability in the Fe-Ni system: Investigation by first-principles calculations and atomistic simulations},
483     Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2005.05.001},
484     Volume = 53,
485     Year = 2005,
486     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2005.05.001}}
487    
488     @article{mishin99:_inter,
489     Abstract = {We demonstrate an approach to the development of many-body interatomic potentials for monoatomic metals with improved accuracy and reliability. The functional form of the potentials is that of the embedded-atom method, but the interesting features are as follows: (1) The database used for the development of a potential includes both experimental data and a large set of energies of different alternative crystalline structures of the material generated by {\em ab initio} calculations. We introduce a rescaling of interatomic distances in an attempt to improve the compatibility between experimental and {\em ab initio} data. (2) The optimum parametrization of the potential for the given database is obtained by alternating the fitting and testing steps. The testing step includes a comparison between the {\em ab initio} structural energies and those predicted by the potential. This strategy allows us to achieve the best accuracy of fitting within the intrinsic limitations of the potential model. Using this approach we develop reliable interatomic potentials for Al and Ni. The potentials accurately reproduce basic equilibrium properties of these metals, the elastic constants, the phonon-dispersion curves, the vacancy formation and migration energies, the stacking fault energies, and the surface energies. They also predict the right relative stability of different alternative structures with coordination numbers ranging from 12 to 4. The potentials are expected to be easily transferable to different local environments encountered in atomistic simulations of lattice defects. },
490     Author = {Y. Mishin and D. Farkas and M. J. Mehl and D. A. Papaconstantopoulos},
491     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:20:51 +0000},
492     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:20:51 +0000},
493     Journal = prb,
494     Number = 5,
495     Pages = {3393-3407},
496     Title = {Interatomic potentials for monoatomic metals from experimental data and ab initio calculations},
497     Url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v59/p3393},
498     Volume = 59,
499     Year = 1999,
500     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v59/p3393}}
501    
502     @article{zope03:tial_ap,
503     Abstract = {Semiempirical interatomic potentials have been developed for Al, $\alpha$-Ti, and $\gamma$-TiAl within the embedded atom method (EAM) formalism by fitting to a large database of experimental as well as ab initio data. The ab initio calculations were performed by the linearized augmented plane wave (LAPW) method within the density functional theory to obtain the equations of state for a number of crystal structures of the Ti-Al system. Some of the calculated LAPW energies were used for fitting the potentials while others for examining their quality. The potentials correctly predict the equilibrium crystal structures of the phases and accurately reproduce their basic lattice properties. The potentials are applied to calculate the energies of point defects, surfaces, and planar faults in the equilibrium structures. Unlike earlier EAM potentials for the Ti-Al system, the proposed potentials provide a reasonable description of the lattice thermal expansion, demonstrating their usefulness for molecular-dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations at high temperatures. The energy along the tetragonal deformation path (Bain transformation) in $\gamma$-TiAl calculated with the EAM potential is in fairly good agreement with LAPW calculations. Equilibrium point defect concentrations in $\gamma$-TiAl are studied using the EAM potential. It is found that antisite defects strongly },
504     Author = {Rajendra R. Zope and Y. Mishin},
505     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:20:51 +0000},
506     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:20:51 +0000},
507     Journal = prb,
508     Month = {July},
509     Pages = 024102,
510     Title = {Interatomic potentials for atomistic simulations of the Ti-Al system},
511     Url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v68/e024102},
512     Volume = 68,
513     Year = 2003,
514     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v68/e024102}}
515    
516     @article{Shibata:2002hh,
517     Abstract = {We report on systematic studies of size-dependent alloy formation of silver-coated gold nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous solution at ambient temperature using X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS). Various Au-core sizes (2.5-20 nm diameter) and Ag shell thicknesses were synthesized using radiolytic wet techniques. The equilibrium structures (alloy versus core-shell) of these NPs were determined in the suspensions. We observed remarkable size dependence in the room temperature interdiffusion of the two metals. The interdiffusion is limited to the subinterface layers of the bimetallic NPs and depends on both the core size and the total particle size. For the very small particles (less than or equal to4.6 nm initial Au-core size), the two metals are nearly randomly distributed within the particle. However, even for these small Au-core NPs, the interdiffusion occurs primarily in the vicinity of the original interface. Features from the Ag shells do remain. For the larger particles, the boundary is maintained to within one monolayer. These results cannot be explained either by enhanced self-diffusion that results from depression of the melting point with size or by surface melting of the NPs. We propose that defects, such as vacancies, at the bimetallic interface enhance the radial migration (as well as displacement around the interface) of one metal into the other. Molecular dynamics calculations correctly predict the activation energy for diffusion of the metals in the absence of vacancies and show an enormous dependence of the rate of mixing on defect levels. They also suggest that a few percent of the interfacial lattice sites need to be vacant to explain the observed mixing.},
518     Address = {1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA},
519     Author = {Shibata, T and Bunker, BA and Zhang, ZY and Meisel, D and {Vardeman II}, C.F. and Gezelter, JD},
520     Date = {OCT 9 2002},
521     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:20:36 +0000},
522     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:20:36 +0000},
523     Doi = {DOI 10.1021/ja025764r},
524     Journal = jacs,
525     Pages = {11989-11996},
526     Publisher = {AMER CHEMICAL SOC},
527     Timescited = {75},
528     Title = {Size-dependent spontaneous alloying of Au-Ag nanoparticles},
529     Volume = {124},
530     Year = {2002},
531     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja025764r}}
532    
533     @article{BECQUART:1993rg,
534     Abstract = {Molecular dynamics simulations of fracture have been performed on the metals Al and Nb, and the intermetallic alloys RuAl, Nb3Al and NiAl. The forces and energies were modelled with embedded atom method potentials. The increasing external stress was applied using displacements of the outer boundaries of the array, calculated by anisotropic elasticity theory, until the pre-existing cracks propagated or dislocation nucleation occurred. The resulting critical stress intensity factor was calculated at various orientations and temperatures, and the results compared with theory. Observations of slip systems are reported, as well as values for surface energies and ''unstable stacking'' energies.},
535     Address = {PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND},
536     Author = {BECQUART, CS and KIM, D and RIFKIN, JA and CLAPP, PC},
537     Date = {OCT 1 1993},
538     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:20:27 +0000},
539     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:20:27 +0000},
540     Journal = {Materials Science and Engineering A-Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing},
541     Pages = {87-94},
542     Publisher = {ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE},
543     Timescited = {8},
544     Title = {FRACTURE PROPERTIES OF METALS AND ALLOYS FROM MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS},
545     Volume = {170},
546     Year = {1993}}
547    
548     @inproceedings{Rifkin1992,
549     Author = {J.~A. Rifkin and C.~S. Becquart and D. Kim and P.~C. Clapp},
550     Booktitle = {Computational Methods in Materials Science},
551     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:20:27 +0000},
552     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:20:27 +0000},
553     Pages = {173},
554     Series = {MRS Symp. Proc.},
555     Title = {Dislocation Generation and Crack Propagation in Metals Examined in Molecular Dynamics Simulations},
556     Volume = {278},
557     Year = {1992}}
558    
559     @article{Shastry:1996qg,
560     Abstract = {The behaviour of mode I cracks in alpha-Fe is investigated using molecular statics computer simulation methods with an EAM potential. A double-ended crack of finite size embedded in a cylindrical simulation cell and fixed boundary conditions are prescribed along the periphery of the cell, whereas periodic boundary conditions are imposed parallel to the crack front. The displacement held of the finite crack is represented by that of an equivalent pile-up of opening dislocations distributed in a manner consistent with the anisotropy of the crystal and traction-free conditions of the crack faces. The crack lies on the {110} plane and the crack front is located along [100], [110] or [111] directions. The crack tip response is rationalized in terms of the surface energy (gamma(s)) of the cleavage plane and the unstable stacking energies (gamma(us)) of the slip planes emanating from the crack front.},
561     Address = {TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX},
562     Author = {Shastry, V and Farkas, D},
563     Date = {SEP 1996},
564     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:20:18 +0000},
565     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:20:18 +0000},
566     Journal = {Modelling and Simulation In Materials Science and Engineering},
567     Pages = {473-492},
568     Publisher = {IOP PUBLISHING LTD},
569     Timescited = {31},
570     Title = {Molecular statics simulation of fracture in alpha-iron},
571     Volume = {4},
572     Year = {1996}}
573    
574     @article{Shastry:1998dx,
575     Abstract = {The behavior of mode I cracks in CoAl and FeAl is investigated using molecular statics computer simulation methods with embedded atom (EAM) potentials developed by Vailhe and Farkas (not yet published). A double ended crack of finite size embedded in a cylindrical simulation cell and fixed boundary conditions are prescribed along the periphery of the cell, whereas periodic boundary conditions are imposed parallel to the crack front. The displacement field of the finite crack is represented by that of an equivalent pileup of opening dislocations distributed in a manner consistent with the anisotropy of the crystal and traction free conditions of the crack faces. The crack lies on the {110} plane and the crack front is located either along [100], [110] or [111] directions. Cleavage in found to occur in both materials for most crack orientations. In one orientation, cleavage in FeAl is found to occur concurrently with dislocation emission. The crack tip response is rationalized in terms of the surface energy (gamma(s)) of the cleavage plane and the unstable stacking energies (gamma(us)) of the slip planes emanating from the crack front. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Limited.},
576     Address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND},
577     Author = {Shastry, V and Farkas, D},
578     Date = {MAR 1998},
579     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:20:18 +0000},
580     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:20:18 +0000},
581     Journal = {Intermetallics},
582     Keywords = {aluminides; miscellaneous; iron aluminides based on FeAl; fracture mode; simulations; acoustic},
583     Pages = {95-104},
584     Publisher = {ELSEVIER SCI LTD},
585     Timescited = {3},
586     Title = {Atomistic simulation of fracture in CoAl and FeAl},
587     Volume = {6},
588     Year = {1998}}
589    
590     @article{Sankaranarayanan:2005lr,
591     Abstract = {Bimetallic nanoclusters are of interest because of their utility in catalysis and sensors, The thermal characteristics of bimetallic Pt-Pd nanoclusters of different sizes and compositions were investigated through molecular dynamics simulations using quantum Sutton-Chen (QSC) many-body potentials, Monte Carlo simulations employing the bond order simulation model were used to generate minimum energy configurations, which were utilized as the starting point for molecular dynamics simulations. The calculated initial configurations of the Pt-Pd system consisted of surface segregated Pd atoms and a Pt-rich core, Melting characteristics were studied by following the changes in potential energy and heat capacity as functions of temperature, Structural changes accompanying the thermal evolution were studied by the bond order parameter method. The Pt-Pd clusters exhibited a two-stage melting: surface melting of the external Pd atoms followed by homogeneous melting of the Pt core. These transitions were found to depend on the composition and size of the nanocluster. Melting temperatures of the nanoclusters were found to be much lower than those of bulk Pt and Pd. Bulk melting temperatures of Pd and Pt simulated using periodic boundary conditions compare well with experimental values, thus providing justification for the use of QSC potentials in these simulations. Deformation parameters were calculated to characterize the structural evolution resulting from diffusion of Pd and Pt atoms, The results indicate that in Pd-Pt clusters, Pd atoms prefer to remain at the surface even after melting. In addition, Pt also tends to diffuse to the surface after melting due to reduction of its surface energy with temperature. This mixing pattern is different from those reported in some of the earlier Studies on melting of bimetallics.},
592     Author = {Sankaranarayanan, SKRS and Bhethanabotla, VR and Joseph, B},
593     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:20:10 +0000},
594     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:20:10 +0000},
595     Doi = {ARTN 195415},
596     Journal = prb,
597     Title = {Molecular dynamics simulation study of the melting of Pd-Pt nanoclusters},
598     Volume = {71},
599     Year = {2005},
600     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/195415}}
601    
602     @article{sankaranarayanan:155441,
603     Author = {Subramanian K. R. S. Sankaranarayanan and Venkat R. Bhethanabotla and Babu Joseph},
604     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:20:10 +0000},
605     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:20:10 +0000},
606     Eid = {155441},
607     Journal = prb,
608     Keywords = {molecular dynamics method; melting; platinum alloys; palladium alloys; nanowires; surface segregation; specific heat; diffusion; surface structure; solid-state phase transformations; thermal stability; annealing},
609     Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Desktop/Papers/PhysRevB_74_155441.pdf},
610     Number = {15},
611     Numpages = {12},
612     Pages = {155441},
613     Publisher = {APS},
614     Title = {Molecular dynamics simulation study of the melting and structural evolution of bimetallic Pd-Pt nanowires},
615     Url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v74/e155441},
616     Volume = {74},
617     Year = {2006},
618     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v74/e155441}}
619    
620     @article{Belonoshko00,
621     Author = {A.~B. Belonoshko and R. Ahuja and O. Eriksson and B. Johansson},
622     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:20:00 +0000},
623     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:20:00 +0000},
624     Journal = prb,
625     Pages = {3838-3844},
626     Title = {Quasi {\it ab initio} Molecular Dynamic Study of $\mbox{Cu}$ Melting},
627     Volume = 61,
628     Year = 2000}
629    
630     @article{Medasani:2007uq,
631     Abstract = {We employ first-principles and empirical computational methods to study the surface energy and surface stress of silver nanoparticles. The structures, cohesive energies, and lattice contractions of spherical Ag nanoclusters in the size range 0.5-5.5 nm are analyzed using two different theoretical approaches: an ab initio density functional pseudopotential technique combined with the generalized gradient approximation and the embedded atom method. The surface energies and stresses obtained via the embedded atom method are found to be in good agreement with those predicted by the gradient-corrected ab initio density functional formalism. We estimate the surface energy of Ag nanoclusters to be in the range of 1.0-2.2 J/m(2). Our values are close to the bulk surface energy of silver, but are significantly lower than the recently reported value of 7.2 J/m(2) for free Ag nanoparticles derived from the Kelvin equation.},
632     Author = {Medasani, Bharat and Park, Young Ho and Vasiliev, Igor},
633     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:19:51 +0000},
634     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:19:51 +0000},
635     Doi = {ARTN 235436},
636     Journal = prb,
637     Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/PhysRevB_75_235436.pdf},
638     Title = {Theoretical study of the surface energy, stress, and lattice contraction of silver nanoparticles},
639     Volume = {75},
640     Year = {2007},
641     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/235436}}
642    
643     @article{Wang:2005qy,
644     Abstract = {The surface structures of cubo-octahedral Pt-Mo nanoparticles have been investigated using the Monte Carlo method and modified embedded atom method potentials that we developed for Pt-Mo alloys. The cubo-octahedral Pt-Mo nanoparticles are constructed with disordered fcc configurations, with sizes from 2.5 to 5.0 nm, and with Pt concentrations from 60 to 90 atom \%. The equilibrium Pt-Mo nanoparticle configurations were generated through Monte Carlo simulations allowing both atomic displacements and element exchanges at 600 K. We predict that the Pt atoms weakly segregate to the surfaces of such nanoparticles. The Pt concentrations in the surface are calculated to be 5-14 atom \% higher than the Pt concentrations of the nanoparticles. Moreover, the Pt atoms preferentially segregate to the facet sites of the surface, while the Pt and Mo atoms tend to alternate along the edges and vertexes of these nanoparticles. We found that decreasing the size or increasing the Pt concentration leads to higher Pt concentrations but fewer Pt-Mo pairs in the Pt-Mo nanoparticle surfaces.},
645     Author = {Wang, GF and Van Hove, MA and Ross, PN and Baskes, MI},
646     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:19:42 +0000},
647     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:19:42 +0000},
648     Doi = {DOI 10.1021/jp050116n},
649     Journal = jpcb,
650     Pages = {11683-11692},
651     Title = {Surface structures of cubo-octahedral Pt-Mo catalyst nanoparticles from Monte Carlo simulations},
652     Volume = {109},
653     Year = {2005},
654     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp050116n}}
655    
656     @article{Chui:2003fk,
657     Abstract = {Molecular dynamics simulations of a platinum nanocluster consisting 250 atoms were performed at different temperatures between 70 K and 298 K. The semi-empirical, many-body Sutton-Chen (SC) potential was used to model the interatomic interaction in the metallic system. Regions of core or bulk-like atoms and surface atoms can be defined from analyses of structures, atomic coordination, and the local density function of atoms as defined in the SC potential. The core atoms in the nanoparticle behave as bulk-like metal atoms with a predominant face centered cubic (fcc) packing. The interface between surface atoms and core atoms is marked by a peak in the local density function and corresponds to near surface atoms. The near surface atoms and surface atoms prefer a hexagonal closed packing (hcp). The temperature and size effects on structures of the nanoparticle and the dynamics of the surface region and the core region are discussed.},
658     Author = {Chui, YH and Chan, KY},
659     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:19:33 +0000},
660     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:19:33 +0000},
661     Doi = {DOI 10.1039/b302122j},
662     Journal = pccp,
663     Pages = {2869-2874},
664     Title = {Analyses of surface and core atoms in a platinum nanoparticle},
665     Volume = {5},
666     Year = {2003},
667     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b302122j}}
668    
669     @article{Thijsse:2002ly,
670     Abstract = {We show that the Stillinger-Weber (SW) potential is a special case of the modified embedded-atom method (MEAM) potential, by deriving the appropriate functional forms and parameter values for the MEAM potential. The electron density and pair potential functions have physically plausible forms. The embedding function is quadratic in the electron density and yields an antibonding contribution under all circumstances. Using these results SW silicon can be conveniently extended to silicon-metal systems within one theoretical framework and one computational scheme. The properties of SW silicon and silicon modeled by the native MEAM representation are compared.},
671     Address = {ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA},
672     Author = {Thijsse, BJ},
673     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:19:26 +0000},
674     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:19:26 +0000},
675     Doi = {DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.195207},
676     Isi = {000175860900066},
677     Isi-Recid = {124946812},
678     Isi-Ref-Recids = {115387317 80388368 102261636 80504184 109297089 57196433 63975437 69996932 73396725 110006580 52728075 53221357 124946813 90546162 124946814 117974311 120374655 120011084 51830448 104460616 55458979 112447170 67400671 65560311 119751303 77356902 109402061},
679     Journal = prb,
680     Month = may,
681     Number = {19},
682     Pages = {195207},
683     Publisher = {AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC},
684     Times-Cited = {5},
685     Title = {Relationship between the modified embedded-atom method and Stillinger-Weber potentials in calculating the structure of silicon},
686     Volume = {65},
687     Year = {2002},
688     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://gateway.isiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=WOS&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=000175860900066}}
689    
690     @article{Timonova:2011ve,
691     Abstract = {By applying simulated annealing techniques we fit the modified embedded atom method (MEAM) potential to a database of ab initio energies for silicon and construct an improved parametrization of this potential. In addition, we introduce a new, reference-free version of the MEAM potential. This MEAM version is also fitted to the silicon data and shows an even better agreement, although the improvement is modest. Finally, we investigate whether increasing the number of different angular terms in the MEAM potential from 3 to 4 will lead to a better potential. The aim of this work is to determine a broad-ranged potential, one that is reliable in many different low-and high-energy atomic geometries in silicon crystals, molecules, near defects and under strain. To verify this, the performance of the new potentials is tested in different circumstances that were not explicitly included in the fit: relaxed defect energies, thermal expansion, melting temperature and liquid silicon. The new MEAM parametrizations found in this work, called MEAM-M and RF-MEAM, are shown to be overall more accurate than previous potentials-although a few defect energies are exceptions-and we recommend them for future work. The melting temperatures are closer to the experiment than those of other MEAM potentials, but they are still too high.},
692     Address = {DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND},
693     Author = {Timonova, Maria and Thijsse, Barend J.},
694     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:19:26 +0000},
695     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:19:26 +0000},
696     Doi = {DOI 10.1088/0965-0393/19/1/015003},
697     Isi = {000285379000003},
698     Isi-Recid = {193845106},
699     Isi-Ref-Recids = {103829724 80388368 109297089 80504184 102589117 155514074 62869634 149106644 188936407 158671789 155514076 110736405 132267743 106496752 118427788 155694926 193845107 154569497 117049831 10160688 52733597 81974090 51830448 183685321 175165468 20842010 70690429 77065398 55458979 67400671 142854217 135344867 155514180 188936406 119751303 27109954},
700     Journal = {Modelling and Simulation In Materials Science and Engineering},
701     Month = jan,
702     Number = {1},
703     Pages = {015003},
704     Publisher = {IOP PUBLISHING LTD},
705     Times-Cited = {1},
706     Title = {Optimizing the MEAM potential for silicon},
707     Volume = {19},
708     Year = {2011},
709     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://gateway.isiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=WOS&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=000285379000003}}
710    
711     @article{Beurden:2002ys,
712     Abstract = {An atomistic interaction potential for adsorbate/surface systems is presented, based on the modified embedded-atom method (MEAM) and applied to CO on Pt. All parameters are determined using both density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, as well as the necessary experimental data. Whereas current DFT implementations suffer from problems in predicting the correct adsorption site of CO on Pt{111}, the current MEAM potential quantitatively describes the adsorption energies on the Pt {100} and {111} surfaces. With this potential, one is able to model, amongst others, diffusional properties and the CO induced lifting of the Pt{100}-hex surface reconstruction.},
713     Address = {ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA},
714     Author = {van Beurden, P and Verhoeven, HGJ and Kramer, GJ and Thijsse, BJ},
715     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:18:57 +0000},
716     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:18:57 +0000},
717     Doi = {DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.235409},
718     Isi = {000180279400100},
719     Isi-Recid = {127920116},
720     Isi-Ref-Recids = {100515854 102261636 80504184 86596468 49189551 87313608 118200797 104759623 114816277 43688858 123716000 60942681 32054494 79580399 119900392 112604328 104787214 95253353 85495097 59057119 91236942 69323123 116538925 123233489 110174182 98202194 97300927 104583045 80557185 118566443 106876514 93821961 43505343 72309405 74518216 62074706 51830448 68789690 92569536 88587013 60413345 119665908 112447170 47346043 127920117 121625154 119751303 127920118 119731850 113465338 94816645 98731048 109783982},
721     Journal = prb,
722     Month = dec,
723     Number = {23},
724     Pages = {235409},
725     Publisher = {AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC},
726     Times-Cited = {12},
727     Title = {Atomistic potential for adsorbate/surface systems: CO on Pt},
728     Volume = {66},
729     Year = {2002},
730     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://gateway.isiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=WOS&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=000180279400100}}
731    
732     @article{Lee:2000vn,
733     Abstract = {The modified embedded-atom method, a first nearest-neighbor semiempirical model fur atomic potentials, can describe the physical properties of a wide range of elements and alloys with various lattice structures. However, the model is not quite successful for bcc metals in that it predicts the order among the size of low index surface energies incorrectly and that it generates a structure more stable than bcc for some bcc metals. In order to remove the problems, the formalism has been extended so that the second nearest neighbor interactions are taken into consideration. New parameters for Fe and comparisons between calculated and experimental physical properties of Fe are presented.},
734     Address = {ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA},
735     Author = {Lee, BJ and Baskes, MI},
736     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:18:48 +0000},
737     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:18:48 +0000},
738     Isi = {000089733800002},
739     Isi-Recid = {117049831},
740     Isi-Ref-Recids = {53850993 80504184 86596468 70382555 109297089 87779199 102261636 64205027 69323074 31030374 57417776 95005783 72248812 51830448 9008933 31314512},
741     Journal = prb,
742     Month = oct,
743     Number = {13},
744     Pages = {8564--8567},
745     Publisher = {AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC},
746     Times-Cited = {105},
747     Title = {Second nearest-neighbor modified embedded-atom-method potential},
748     Volume = {62},
749     Year = {2000},
750     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://gateway.isiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=WOS&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=000089733800002}}
751    
752     @article{Lee:2001qf,
753     Abstract = {{The second nearest-neighbor modified embedded atom method (MEAM)
754     {[}Phys. Rev. B 62, 8564 (2000)], developed in order to solve problems
755     of the original first nearest-neighbor MEAM on bcc metals, has now been
756     applied to all bcc transition metals, Fe, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nb, and Ta. The
757     potential parameters could be determined empirically by fitting to
758     (partial derivativeB/partial derivativeP), elastic constants, structural
759     energy differences among bcc, fcc and hcp structures, vacancy-formation
760     energy, and surface energy. Various physical properties of individual
761     elements, including elastic constants, structural properties,
762     point-defect properties, surface properties, and thermal properties were
763     calculated and compared with experiments or high level calculations so
764     that the reliability of the present empirical atomic-potential formalism
765     can be evaluated, It is shown that the present potentials reasonably
766     reproduce nonfitted properties of the bcc transition metals, as well as
767     the fitted properties. The effect of the size of radial cutoff distance
768     on the calculation and the compatibility with the original first
769     nearest-neighbor MEAM that has been successful for fcc, hcp, and other
770     structures are also discussed.}},
771     Address = {{ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA}},
772     Affiliation = {{Lee, BJ (Reprint Author), Korea Res Inst Stand \& Sci, Mat Evaluat Ctr, Yusong POB 102, Taejon 305600, South Korea. Korea Res Inst Stand \& Sci, Mat Evaluat Ctr, Taejon 305600, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Properties Relat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.}},
773     Article-Number = {{184102}},
774     Author = {Lee, BJ and Baskes, MI and Kim, H and Cho, YK},
775     Author-Email = {{bjlee@kriss.re.kr baskes@lanl.gov}},
776     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:18:48 +0000},
777     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:18:48 +0000},
778     Doc-Delivery-Number = {{493TK}},
779     Doi = {{10.1103/PhysRevB.64.184102}},
780     Issn = {{0163-1829}},
781     Journal = prb,
782     Journal-Iso = {prb},
783     Keywords-Plus = {{ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; SURFACE FREE-ENERGIES; MULTILAYER-RELAXATION; W(001) SURFACE; SILICON; RECONSTRUCTION; ELEMENTS; LEED; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; W(110)}},
784     Language = {{English}},
785     Month = {{NOV 1}},
786     Number = {{18}},
787     Number-Of-Cited-References = {{46}},
788     Publisher = {{AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC}},
789     Subject-Category = {{Physics}},
790     Times-Cited = {{136}},
791     Title = {{Second nearest-neighbor modified embedded atom method potentials for bcc transition metals}},
792     Type = {{Article}},
793     Unique-Id = {{ISI:000172239400030}},
794     Volume = {{64}},
795     Year = {{2001}},
796     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.64.184102%7D}}
797    
798     @article{BASKES:1994fk,
799     Abstract = {The modified embedded atom method (MEAM) is an empirical extension of embedded atom method (EAM) that includes angular forces. The MEAM, which has previously been applied to the atoms in the FCC, BCC, and diamond cubic crystal systems, has been extended to the HCP crystal structure. Parameters have been determined for HCP metals that have c/a ratios less than ideal. The model is fitted to the lattice constants, elastic constants, cohesive energy, vacancy formation energy, and the BCC-HCP structural energy difference of these metals and is able to reproduce this extensive data base quite well. Structural energies and lattice constants of the HCP metals in a number of cubic structures are predicted. The divacancy is found to be unbound in all of the metals considered except for Be. Stacking fault and surface energies are found to be in reasonable agreement with experiment.},
800     Address = {TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX},
801     Author = {BASKES, MI and JOHNSON, RA},
802     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:18:35 +0000},
803     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:18:35 +0000},
804     Isi = {A1994MZ57500011},
805     Isi-Recid = {86596468},
806     Isi-Ref-Recids = {67692914 13168554 70382555 80504184 64205027 52159305 52728075 48773580 73073438 49217991 75551275 85822177 8067494 50263912 51662888 71235089 18200957 51830448 67853369 54796423 31314512},
807     Journal = {Modelling and Simulation In Materials Science and Engineering},
808     Month = jan,
809     Number = {1},
810     Pages = {147--163},
811     Publisher = {IOP PUBLISHING LTD},
812     Times-Cited = {169},
813     Title = {MODIFIED EMBEDDED-ATOM POTENTIALS FOR HCP METALS},
814     Volume = {2},
815     Year = {1994},
816     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://gateway.isiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=WOS&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=A1994MZ57500011}}
817    
818     @article{Ercolessi88,
819     Author = {F. Ercolessi and M. Parrinello and E. Tosatti},
820     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:18:27 +0000},
821     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:18:27 +0000},
822     Journal = {Philosophical Magazine a},
823     Pages = {213-226},
824     Title = {Simulation of Gold in the Glue Model},
825     Volume = 58,
826     Year = 1988}
827    
828     @article{Qi99,
829     Author = {Y. Qi and T. Cagin and Y. Kimura and W.~A. {Goddard III}},
830     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:18:13 +0000},
831     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:18:13 +0000},
832     Journal = prb,
833     Number = 5,
834     Pages = {3527-3533},
835     Title = {Molecular-Dynamics Simulations of Glass Formation and Crystallization in Binary Liquid Metals: $\mbox{Cu-Ag}$ and $\mbox{Cu-Ni}$},
836     Volume = 59,
837     Year = 1999}
838    
839     @unpublished{QSC,
840     Author = {Y. Kimura and T. Cagin and W. A. {Goddard III}},
841     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:18:07 +0000},
842     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:18:07 +0000},
843     Note = {Downloaded from: $\mathtt{http://wag.caltech.edu/home-pages/tahir/psfiles/51.ps}$},
844     Title = {The Quantum Sutton-Chen Many Body Potential for Properties of FCC metals},
845     Url = {http://wag.caltech.edu/home-pages/tahir/psfiles/51.ps},
846     Year = {1998},
847     Bdsk-Url-1 = {citeseer.ist.psu.edu/150963.html}}
848    
849     @article{Chen90,
850     Author = {A.~P. Sutton and J. Chen},
851     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:17:59 +0000},
852     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:17:59 +0000},
853     Journal = {Phil. Mag. Lett.},
854     Pages = {139-146},
855     Title = {Long-Range Finnis Sinclair Potentials},
856     Volume = 61,
857     Year = 1990}
858    
859     @article{Finnis84,
860     Author = {M.~W Finnis and J.~E. Sinclair},
861     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:17:59 +0000},
862     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:17:59 +0000},
863     Journal = {Phil. Mag. A},
864     Pages = {45-55},
865     Title = {A Simple Empirical N-Body Potential for Transition-Metals},
866     Volume = 50,
867     Year = 1984}
868    
869     @article{Alemany98,
870     Author = {M.~M.~G. Alemany and C. Rey and L.~J. Gallego},
871     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:17:52 +0000},
872     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:17:52 +0000},
873     Journal = jcp,
874     Pages = {5175-5176},
875     Title = {Transport Coefficients of Liquid Transition Metals: \Uppercase{A} Computer Simulation Study Using the Embedded Atom Model},
876     Volume = 109,
877     Year = 1998}
878    
879     @article{Lu97,
880     Author = {J. Lu and J.~A. Szpunar},
881     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:17:42 +0000},
882     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:17:42 +0000},
883     Journal = {Phil. Mag. A},
884     Pages = {1057-1066},
885     Title = {Applications of the Embedded-Atom Method to Glass Formation and Crystallization of Liquid and Glass Transition-Metal Nickel},
886     Volume = {75},
887     Year = {1997}}
888    
889     @article{Voter95a,
890     Author = {A.~F. Voter},
891     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:17:28 +0000},
892     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:17:28 +0000},
893     Journal = {Intermetallic Compounds: Principles and Practice},
894     Pages = {77},
895     Title = {The Embedded-Atom Method},
896     Volume = {1},
897     Year = {1995}}
898    
899     @article{Plimpton93,
900     Author = {S.~J. Plimpton and B.~A. Hendrickson},
901     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:17:18 +0000},
902     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:17:18 +0000},
903     Journal = {Mrs Proceedings},
904     Pages = 37,
905     Title = {Parallel Molecular Dynamics With the Embedded Atom Method},
906     Volume = 291,
907     Year = 1993}
908    
909     @article{Daw89,
910     Author = {Murray~S. Daw},
911     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:17:07 +0000},
912     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:17:07 +0000},
913     Journal = prb,
914     Pages = {7441-7452},
915     Title = {Model of Metallic Cohesion: \Uppercase{T}He Embedded-Atom Method},
916     Volume = 39,
917     Year = 1989}
918    
919     @article{Johnson89,
920     Author = {R.~A. Johnson},
921     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:16:57 +0000},
922     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:16:57 +0000},
923     Journal = prb,
924     Number = 17,
925     Pages = 12554,
926     Title = {Alloy Models With the Embedded-Atom Method},
927     Volume = 39,
928     Year = 1989}
929    
930     @article{Daw84,
931     Author = {M.~S. Daw and M.~I. Baskes},
932     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:16:51 +0000},
933     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:16:51 +0000},
934     Journal = prb,
935     Number = 12,
936     Pages = {6443-6453},
937     Title = {Embedded-Atom Method: \Uppercase{D}Erivation and Application to Impurities, Surfaces, And Other Defects in Metals},
938     Volume = 29,
939     Year = 1984}
940    
941     @article{Foiles86,
942     Author = {S.~M. Foiles and M.~I. Baskes and M.~S. Daw},
943     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:16:51 +0000},
944     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:16:51 +0000},
945     Journal = prb,
946     Number = 12,
947     Pages = 7983,
948     Title = {Embedded-Atom-Method Functions for the Fcc Metals $\mbox{Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt}$, And Their Alloys},
949     Volume = 33,
950     Year = 1986}
951    
952     @article{CAR:1985bh,
953     Address = {COLLEGE PK},
954     Af = {CAR, R PARRINELLO, M},
955     Author = {CAR, R. and PARRINELLO, M.},
956     Author-Address = {UNIV TRIESTE, DIPARTIMENTO FIS TEOR, I-34127 TRIESTE, ITALY.},
957     Cited-Reference-Count = {12},
958     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:16:34 +0000},
959     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:16:34 +0000},
960     Document-Type = {Article},
961     Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.55.2471},
962     Isi = {WOS:A1985AUN4900027},
963     Isi-Document-Delivery-Number = {AUN49},
964     Iso-Source-Abbreviation = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
965     Issn = {0031-9007},
966     Journal = prl,
967     Language = {English},
968     Number = {22},
969     Page-Count = {4},
970     Pages = {2471--2474},
971     Publication-Type = {J},
972     Publisher = {AMER PHYSICAL SOC},
973     Publisher-Address = {ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA},
974     Reprint-Address = {CAR, R (reprint author), INT SCH ADV STUDIES SISSA, TRIESTE, ITALY.},
975     Source = {PHYS REV LETT},
976     Subject-Category = {Physics},
977     Times-Cited = {5980},
978     Title = {UNIFIED APPROACH FOR MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AND DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY},
979     Volume = {55},
980     Wc = {Physics, Multidisciplinary},
981     Year = {1985},
982     Z9 = {6024},
983     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.55.2471}}
984    
985     @article{Guidelli:2000fy,
986     Abstract = {After a bird's eye view of double-layer models of interfaces between metals and aqueous solutions from their very beginning, recent developments are reviewed. The rule of the metal is examined by considering calculations ibr metal clusters and the jellium model, both in vacuo and in contact with model solutions. Integral equation approaches to the solution side of the interfaces are reviewed and compared with Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations of analogous molecular models. Computer simulations of metal-water interfaces (including Car-Parinello simulations) and of ionic solution metal interfaces are considered. Finally, a field-theoretical approach to the double-layer and the treatment of rough electrodes are briefly reviewed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
987     Author = {Guidelli, R. and Schmickler, W.},
988     Date = {2000},
989     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:16:34 +0000},
990     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:16:34 +0000},
991     Doi = {10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00335-2},
992     Isi = {WOS:000087352000009},
993     Issn = {0013-4686},
994     Journal = ea,
995     Number = {15-16},
996     Pages = {2317--2338},
997     Publication-Type = {J},
998     Times-Cited = {47},
999     Title = {Recent developments in models for the inter-face between a metal and an aqueous solution},
1000     Volume = {45},
1001     Year = {2000},
1002     Z8 = {0},
1003     Z9 = {47},
1004     Zb = {2},
1005     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00335-2}}
1006    
1007     @article{Izvekov:2000fv,
1008     Abstract = {An effective and computationally economical scheme, which unifies density functional description of a metal electronic structure and the classical molecular dynamics description of an electrolyte in contact with the metal, is described. The density functional part of the scheme comprises Car-Parinello and related formalisms. This scheme allows the extension to longer time scale of the simulation of metal-electrolyte interface while keeping fairly good accuracy in the prediction of the metal electronic structure. The numerical scheme is implemented in the relatively simple model of a metal cluster surrounded by an electrolyte. The elementary event of an atom leaving a metal surface as an ion stabilized by solvent molecules has been studied. In particular the potential of mean force of the ion as it dissolves was evaluated. The evolution of the solvation shell of the ion as it leaves the surface is calculated as a further example. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(00)01-066-1. All rights reserved.},
1009     Author = {Izvekov, S. and Philpott, M. R. and Eglitis, R. I.},
1010     Date = {JUN 2000},
1011     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:16:34 +0000},
1012     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:16:34 +0000},
1013     Doi = {10.1149/1.1393520},
1014     Isi = {WOS:000087561800044},
1015     Issn = {0013-4651},
1016     Journal = {J. Electrochem. Soc.},
1017     Month = {Jun},
1018     Number = {6},
1019     Pages = {2273--2278},
1020     Publication-Type = {J},
1021     Times-Cited = {1},
1022     Title = {Ab initio simulation of metal cluster surrounded by electrolyte},
1023     Volume = {147},
1024     Year = {2000},
1025     Z8 = {0},
1026     Z9 = {1},
1027     Zb = {0},
1028     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1393520}}
1029    
1030     @article{KRESSE:1993qf,
1031     Abstract = {We show that quantum-mechanical molecular-dynamics simulations in a finite-temperature local-density approximation based on the calculation of the electronic ground state and of the Hellmann-Feynman forces after each time step are feasible for liquid noble and transition metals. This is possible with the use of Vanderbilt-type ''ultrasoft'' pseudopotentials and efficient conjugate-gradient techniques for the determination of the electronic ground state. Results for liquid copper and vanadium are presented.},
1032     Author = {KRESSE, G. and HAFNER, J.},
1033     Date = {NOV 1 1993},
1034     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:16:18 +0000},
1035     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:16:18 +0000},
1036     Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.48.13115},
1037     Isi = {WOS:A1993MF90100084},
1038     Issn = {0163-1829},
1039     Journal = prb,
1040     Month = {Nov},
1041     Number = {17},
1042     Pages = {13115--13118},
1043     Publication-Type = {J},
1044     Times-Cited = {1535},
1045     Title = {AB-INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS FOR OPEN-SHELL TRANSITION-METALS},
1046     Volume = {48},
1047     Year = {1993},
1048     Z8 = {27},
1049     Z9 = {1550},
1050     Zb = {13},
1051     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.48.13115}}
1052    
1053     @article{KRESSE:1993ve,
1054     Abstract = {We present ab initio quantum-mechanical molecular-dynamics calculations based on the calculation of the electronic ground state and of the Hellmann-Feynman forces in the local-density approximation at each molecular-dynamics step. This is possible using conjugate-gradient techniques for energy minimization, and predicting the wave functions for new ionic positions using sub-space alignment. This approach avoids the instabilities inherent in quantum-mechanical molecular-dynamics calculations for metals based on the use of a fictitious Newtonian dynamics for the electronic degrees of freedom. This method gives perfect control of the adiabaticity and allows us to perform simulations over several picoseconds.},
1055     Author = {KRESSE, G. and HAFNER, J.},
1056     Date = {JAN 1 1993},
1057     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:16:18 +0000},
1058     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:16:18 +0000},
1059     Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.47.558},
1060     Isi = {WOS:A1993KH03700082},
1061     Issn = {0163-1829},
1062     Journal = prb,
1063     Month = {Jan},
1064     Number = {1},
1065     Pages = {558--561},
1066     Publication-Type = {J},
1067     Times-Cited = {6464},
1068     Title = {ABINITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS FOR LIQUID-METALS},
1069     Volume = {47},
1070     Year = {1993},
1071     Z8 = {130},
1072     Z9 = {6527},
1073     Zb = {54},
1074     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.47.558}}
1075    
1076     @article{KRESSE:1994ul,
1077     Abstract = {We present ab initio quantum-mechanical molecular-dynamics simulations of the liquid-metal-amorphous-semiconductor transition in Ge. Our simulations are based on (a) finite-temperature density-functional theory of the one-electron states, (b) exact energy minimization and hence calculation of the exact Hellmann-Feynman forces after each molecular-dynamics step using preconditioned conjugate-gradient techniques, (c) accurate nonlocal pseudopotentials, and (d) Nose dynamics for generating a canonical ensemble. This method gives perfect control of the adiabaticity of the electron-ion ensemble and allows us to perform simulations over more than 30 ps. The computer-generated ensemble describes the structural, dynamic, and electronic properties of liquid and amorphous Ge in very good agreement with experiment. The simulation allows us to study in detail the changes in the structure-property relationship through the metal-semiconductor transition. We report a detailed analysis of the local structural properties and their changes induced by an annealing process. The geometrical, bonding, and spectral properties of defects in the disordered tetrahedral network are investigated and compared with experiment.},
1078     Author = {KRESSE, G. and HAFNER, J.},
1079     Date = {MAY 15 1994},
1080     Date-Added = {2012-12-10 16:16:18 +0000},
1081     Date-Modified = {2012-12-10 16:16:18 +0000},
1082     Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.49.14251},
1083     Isi = {WOS:A1994NR42300018},
1084     Issn = {0163-1829},
1085     Journal = prb,
1086     Month = {May},
1087     Number = {20},
1088     Pages = {14251--14269},
1089     Publication-Type = {J},
1090     Times-Cited = {3878},
1091     Title = {AB-INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF THE LIQUID-METAL AMORPHOUS-SEMICONDUCTOR TRANSITION IN GERMANIUM},
1092     Volume = {49},
1093     Year = {1994},
1094     Z8 = {58},
1095     Z9 = {3909},
1096     Zb = {17},
1097 jmichalk 3812 Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.49.14251},
1098     Bdsk-File-1 = {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}}
1099 gezelter 3808
1100 jmichalk 3802 @article{doi:10.1126/science.1182122,
1101     Abstract = {Stepped single-crystal surfaces are viewed as models of real catalysts, which consist of small metal particles exposing a large number of low-coordination sites. We found that stepped platinum (Pt) surfaces can undergo extensive and reversible restructuring when exposed to carbon monoxide (CO) at pressures above 0.1 torr. Scanning tunneling microscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy studies under gaseous environments near ambient pressure at room temperature revealed that as the CO surface coverage approaches 100%, the originally flat terraces of (557) and (332) oriented Pt crystals break up into nanometer-sized clusters and revert to the initial morphology after pumping out the CO gas. Density functional theory calculations provide a rationale for the observations whereby the creation of increased concentrations of low-coordination Pt edge sites in the formed nanoclusters relieves the strong CO-CO repulsion in the highly compressed adsorbate film. This restructuring phenomenon has important implications for heterogeneous catalytic reactions.},
1102     Author = {Tao, Feng and Dag, Sefa and Wang, Lin-Wang and Liu, Zhi and Butcher, Derek R. and Bluhm, Hendrik and Salmeron, Miquel and Somorjai, Gabor A.},
1103     Date-Added = {2012-10-02 20:18:51 +0000},
1104     Date-Modified = {2012-10-04 21:56:41 +0000},
1105     Doi = {10.1126/science.1182122},
1106     Eprint = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/327/5967/850.full.pdf},
1107     Journal = {Science},
1108     Number = {5967},
1109     Pages = {850-853},
1110     Rating = {5},
1111     Read = {1},
1112     Title = {Break-Up of Stepped Platinum Catalyst Surfaces by High CO Coverage},
1113     Url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/327/5967/850.abstract},
1114     Volume = {327},
1115     Year = {2010},
1116     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/327/5967/850.abstract},
1117     Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1182122}}
1118    
1119     @article{0953-8984-16-8-001,
1120     Abstract = {We have studied the trends in CO adsorption on close-packed metal surfaces: Co, Ni, Cu from the 3d row, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag from the 4d row and Ir, Pt, Au from the 5d row using density functional theory. In particular, we were concerned with the trends in adsorption energy, geometry, vibrational properties and other parameters derived from the electronic structure of the substrate. The influence of specific changes in our set-up, such as choice of the exchange correlation functional, the choice of pseudopotential, size of the basis set and substrate relaxation, has been carefully evaluated. We found that, while the geometrical and vibrational properties of the adsorbate--substrate complex are calculated with high accuracy, the adsorption energies calculated with the gradient-corrected Perdew--Wang exchange--correlation energies are overestimated. In addition, the calculations tend to favour adsorption sites with higher coordination, resulting in the prediction of the wrong adsorption sites for the Rh, Pt and Cu surfaces (hollow instead of top). The revised Perdew--Burke--Erzernhof functional (RPBE) leads to lower (i.e. more realistic) adsorption energies for transition metals, but to the wrong results for noble metals---for Ag and Au, endothermic adsorption is predicted. The site preference remains the same. We discuss trends in relation to the electronic structure of the substrate across the periodic table, summarizing the state-of-the-art of CO adsorption on close-packed metal surfaces.},
1121     Author = {Marek Gajdo{\v s} and Andreas Eichler and J{\"u}rgen Hafner},
1122     Date-Added = {2012-09-17 20:05:54 +0000},
1123     Date-Modified = {2012-09-17 20:05:54 +0000},
1124     Journal = {Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter},
1125     Number = {8},
1126     Pages = {1141},
1127     Title = {CO adsorption on close-packed transition and noble metal surfaces: trends from ab initio calculations},
1128     Url = {http://stacks.iop.org/0953-8984/16/i=8/a=001},
1129     Volume = {16},
1130     Year = {2004},
1131     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://stacks.iop.org/0953-8984/16/i=8/a=001}}
1132    
1133     @article{PhysRevB.39.7441,
1134     Author = {Daw, Murray S.},
1135     Date-Added = {2012-09-17 20:02:31 +0000},
1136     Date-Modified = {2012-09-17 20:02:31 +0000},
1137     Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.39.7441},
1138     Issue = {11},
1139     Journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
1140     Month = {Apr},
1141     Pages = {7441--7452},
1142     Publisher = {American Physical Society},
1143     Title = {Model of metallic cohesion: The embedded-atom method},
1144     Url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.39.7441},
1145     Volume = {39},
1146     Year = {1989},
1147 gezelter 3808 Bdsk-File-1 = {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},
1148 jmichalk 3802 Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.39.7441},
1149     Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.39.7441}}
1150    
1151     @article{EAM,
1152     Author = {Foiles, S. M. and Baskes, M. I. and Daw, M. S.},
1153     Date-Added = {2012-09-17 19:47:39 +0000},
1154     Date-Modified = {2012-09-17 19:49:04 +0000},
1155     Journal = {Phys. Rev. B},
1156     Keywords = {EAM},
1157     Month = {June},
1158     Number = {12},
1159     Pages = {7983-7991},
1160     Title = {Embedded-atom-method functions for the fcc metals Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, and their alloys},
1161     Volume = {33},
1162     Year = {1986},
1163 jmichalk 3811 Bdsk-File-1 = {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}}
1164 jmichalk 3802
1165     @article{doi:10.1021/jp0665729,
1166     Author = {Yim, Wai-Leung and Nowitzki, Tobias and Necke, Mandus and Schnars, Hanno and Nickut, Patricia and Biener, J{\"u}rgen and Biener, Monika M. and Zielasek, Volkmar and Al-Shamery, Katharina and Kl{\"u}ner, Thorsten and B{\"a}umer, Marcus},
1167     Date-Added = {2012-09-06 21:14:21 +0000},
1168     Date-Modified = {2012-09-06 21:14:21 +0000},
1169     Doi = {10.1021/jp0665729},
1170     Eprint = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jp0665729},
1171     Journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C},
1172     Number = {1},
1173     Pages = {445-451},
1174     Title = {Universal Phenomena of CO Adsorption on Gold Surfaces with Low-Coordinated Sites},
1175     Url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp0665729},
1176     Volume = {111},
1177     Year = {2007},
1178     Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp0665729},
1179     Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp0665729}}
1180    
1181     @article{Straub,
1182     Author = {John E. Straub and Martin Karplus},
1183     Date-Added = {2012-08-30 21:54:17 +0000},
1184     Date-Modified = {2012-08-30 21:54:59 +0000},
1185     Journal = {Chemical Physics},
1186     Keywords = {CO and model},
1187     Month = {June},
1188     Pages = {221-248},
1189     Title = {Molecular Dynamics Study of the Photodissociation of Carbon Monoxide from Myoglobin: Ligand Dynamics in the first 10 ps},
1190     Volume = {158},
1191     Year = {1991},
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1193 jmichalk 3802
1194     @article{Yeo,
1195     Abstract = {Single crystal adsorption calorimetry was applied to investigate the heats of adsorption of CO and oxygen and the reaction heats for the CO oxidation process on Pt􏰊111􏰋 at room temperature. Both sticking probabilities and heats of adsorption for CO and oxygen are presented as a function of coverage. These results are used to interpret the subsequent measurements taken for the CO oxidation process on the same surface. The initial heats of adsorption of CO and oxygen on Pt􏰊111􏰋 are 180􏰛8 and 339􏰛32 kJ/mol, respectively. In addition the pairwise lateral repulsive interaction between CO molecules in a 􏰔􏰜3􏰙􏰜3􏰈R30$\,^{\circ}$ ordered layer at 􏰒􏰚1/3 is found to be 4 kJ/mol. A detailed Monte Carlo modeling of the dissociative adsorption and sticking probability of oxygen on Pt􏰊111􏰋 is performed. The initial rapid fall in heat is attributed to adsorption on defect sites, and subsequent adsorption on the planar 􏰊111􏰋 surface proceeds with a third neighbor interaction energy between the oxygen adatoms 􏰓3􏰌22 kJ/mol. When gaseous CO reacts with preadsorbed oxygen adatoms, the CO2 produced has an excess energy of 16􏰛8 kJ/mol. {\copyright} 1997 American Institute of Physics. 􏰎S0021-9606􏰔97􏰈02601-9􏰉},
1196     Author = {Y. Y. Yeo and L. Vattuone and D. A. King},
1197     Date-Added = {2012-08-30 21:41:16 +0000},
1198     Date-Modified = {2012-08-30 21:53:19 +0000},
1199     Journal = {J. Chem. Phys.},
1200     Keywords = {Calorimetry and CO and Platinum and 111 and Adsorption},
1201     Month = {January},
1202     Pages = {392-402},
1203     Title = {Calorimetric heats for CO and oxygen adsorption and for the catalytic CO oxidation reaction on Pt{111}},
1204     Volume = {106},
1205     Year = {1997},
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1207 jmichalk 3802
1208 jmichalk 3811 @article{Feibelman:2001,
1209 jmichalk 3802 Abstract = {Notwithstanding half a dozen theoretical publications, well-converged density- functional calculations, whether based on a local-density or generalized-gradient exchange-correlation potential, whether all-electron or employing pseudopotentials, underestimate CO's preference for low-coordination binding sites on Pt(111) and vicinals to it. For example, they imply that CO should prefer hollow- to atop-site adsorption on Pt(111), in apparent contradiction to a host of low-temperature experimental studies.},
1210     Author = {P. J. Feibelman and et al.},
1211     Date-Added = {2012-08-30 20:46:42 +0000},
1212 jmichalk 3811 Date-Modified = {2012-12-13 20:08:45 +0000},
1213 jmichalk 3802 Journal = {J. Phys. Chem. B},
1214     Keywords = {CO and Platinum},
1215     Pages = {4018-4025},
1216     Title = {The CO/Pt(111) Puzzle},
1217     Volume = {105},
1218     Year = {2001},
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1220 jmichalk 3802
1221 jmichalk 3811 @article{Kelemen:1979,
1222 jmichalk 3802 Abstract = {The desorption of CO from clean Pt(lll) and (loo), and from the same surfaces with par- tial overlayers of sulfur, was studied by Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy. The method of desorption rate isotherms was employed for data analysis. The desorption of CO from the (Ill) surface and both surfaces with ordered sulfur overlayers can be described as a first order process with coverage dependent activation energies. The desorption of CO from the clean Pt(100) surface is complicated by the dynamic interaction of the molecule with a thermally activated change of platinum surface structure. On both platinum faces surface sulfur decreases the initial binding energy of CO. As the CO concentration increases, its binding energy decreases very rapidly. This is due to a repulsive interaction which exists between co-adsorbed species.},
1223     Author = {S.R. Kelemen and T.E. Fischer and J.A. Schwarz},
1224     Date-Added = {2012-08-30 19:49:26 +0000},
1225 jmichalk 3811 Date-Modified = {2012-12-13 20:03:25 +0000},
1226 jmichalk 3802 Journal = {Surface Science},
1227     Keywords = {Platinum and CO},
1228     Pages = {440-450},
1229     Rating = {5},
1230     Read = {1},
1231     Title = {The Binding Energy of CO on Clean and Sulfur Covered Platinum Surfaces},
1232     Year = {1979},
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