--- trunk/chrisDissertation/dissertation.tex 2006/08/30 22:36:06 2987 +++ trunk/chrisDissertation/dissertation.tex 2006/09/26 03:07:59 3023 @@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ \frontmatter -\title{APPLICATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MOLECULAR DYNAMICS TECHNIQUES FOR THE -STUDY OF WATER} +\title{DEVELOPMENT OF MOLECULAR DYNAMICS TECHNIQUES FOR THE +STUDY OF WATER AND OTHER BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS} \author{Christopher Joseph Fennell} \work{Dissertation} \degprior{B.Sc.} @@ -28,9 +28,74 @@ STUDY OF WATER} \maketitle \begin{abstract} + +This dissertation comprises a body of research in the field of +classical molecular simulations, with particular emphasis placed on +the proper depiction of water. This work is arranged such that the +techniques and models used within are first developed and tested +before being applied and compared with experimental results. With this +organization in mind, it is appropriate that the first chapter deals +primarily the technique of molecular dynamics and technical +considerations needed to correctly perform molecular simulations. + +Building on this framework, the second chapter discusses correction +techniques for handling the long-ranged electrostatic interactions +common in molecular simulations. Particular focus is placed on a +shifted-force ({\sc sf}) modification of the damped shifted Coulombic +summation method. In this work, {\sc sf} is shown to be nearly +equivalent to the more commonly utilized Ewald summation in +simulations of condensed phases. Since the {\sc sf} technique is +pairwise, it scales as $\mathcal{O}(N)$ and lacks periodicity +artifacts introduced through heavy reliance on the reciprocal-space +portion of the Ewald sum. The electrostatic damping technique used +with {\sc sf} is then extended beyond simple charge-charge +interactions to include point-multipoles. Optimal damping parameter +settings are also determined to ensure proper depiction of the +dielectric behavior of molecular systems. Presenting this technique +early enables its application in the systems discussed in the later +chapters and shows how it can improve the quality of various molecular +simulations. + +The third chapter applies the above techniques and focuses on water +model development, specifically the single-point soft sticky dipole +(SSD) model. In order to better depict water with SSD in computer +simulations, it needed to be reparametrized. This work results in the +development of SSD/RF and SSD/E, new variants of the SSD model +optimized for simulations with and without a reaction field +correction. These new single-point models are more efficient than the +common multi-point partial charge models and better capture the +dynamic properties of water. SSD/RF can be successfully used with +damped {\sc sf} through the multipolar extension of the technique +described in the previous chapter. Discussion on the development of +the two-point tetrahedrally restructured elongated dipole (TRED) water +model is also presented, and this model is optimized for use with the +damped {\sc sf} technique. Though there remain some algorithmic +complexities that need to be addressed (logic for neglecting +charge-quadrupole interactions between other TRED molecules) to use +this model in general simulations, it is approximately twice as +efficient as the commonly used three-point water models (i.e. TIP3P +and SPC/E). + +Continuing in the direction of model applications, the final chapter +deals with a unique polymorph of ice that was discovered while +performing water simulations with the fast simple water models +discussed in the previous chapter. This form of ice, called +``imaginary ice'' (Ice-$i$), has a low-density structure which is +different from any known polymorph observed in either experiment or +computer simulation studies. The free energy analysis discussed here +shows that this structure is in fact the thermodynamically preferred +form of ice for both the single-point and commonly used multi-point +water models under the chosen simulation conditions. It is shown that +inclusion of electrostatic corrections is necessary to obtain more +realistic results; however, the free energies of the various +polymorphs (both imaginary and real) in many of these models is shown +to be so similar that choice of system properties, like the volume in +$NVT$ simulations, can directly influence the ice polymorph expressed. + \end{abstract} \begin{dedication} +To my wife, for her understanding and support throughout this work. \end{dedication} \tableofcontents @@ -38,6 +103,19 @@ STUDY OF WATER} \listoftables \begin{acknowledge} +I would to thank my advisor, J. Daniel Gezelter, for the guidance, +perspective, and direction he provided during this work. He is a great +teacher and helped fuel my desire to learn. I would also like to thank +my fellow group members - Dr.~Matthew A.~Meineke, Dr.~Teng Lin, +Charles F.~Vardeman~II, Kyle Daily, Xiuquan Sun, Yang Zheng, Kyle +S.~Haygarth, Patrick Conforti, Megan Sprague, and Dan Combest for +helpful comments and suggestions along the way. I would also like to +thank Christopher Harrison and Dr. Steven Corcelli for additional +discussions and comments. Finally, I would like to thank my parents, +Edward P.~Fennell and Rosalie M.~Fennell, for providing the +opportunities and encouragement that allowed me to pursue my +interests, and I would like to thank my wife, Kelley, for her +unwavering support. \end{acknowledge} \mainmatter @@ -56,7 +134,7 @@ STUDY OF WATER} \input{IndividualSystems} -\input{SHAMS} +%\input{SHAMS} \backmatter