| 65 |
|
|
| 66 |
|
%\abbreviations{QLL, quasi liquid layer; MD, molecular dynamics} |
| 67 |
|
|
| 68 |
< |
%\dropcap{I}n this article we study the evolution of ``almost-sharp'' fronts |
| 69 |
< |
%for the surface quasi-geostrophic equation. This 2-D active scalar |
| 70 |
< |
%equation reads for the surface quasi-geostrophic equation. |
| 71 |
< |
%\begin{equation} |
| 72 |
< |
%\mfrac{D \theta}{Dt}=\mfrac{\pr \theta}{\pr t} + u\cdot \nabla |
| 73 |
< |
%\theta=0 \label{qg1} |
| 74 |
< |
%\end{equation} |
| 75 |
< |
|
| 76 |
< |
The Ice-I$_\mathrm{h}$/water quiescent interface has been extensively studied |
| 68 |
> |
\dropcap{T}he Ice-I$_\mathrm{h}$/water quiescent interface has been extensively studied |
| 69 |
|
over the past 30 years by theory and experiment. Haymet \emph{et al.} have |
| 70 |
|
done significant work characterizing and quantifying the width of these |
| 71 |
|
interfaces for the SPC,\cite{Karim90} SPC/E,\cite{Gay02,Bryk02}, |
| 111 |
|
non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (VSS-RNEMD), simultaneous temperature and |
| 112 |
|
velocity gradients were applied to the system, allowing for measurment |
| 113 |
|
of friction and thermal transport properties while maintaining a stable |
| 114 |
< |
interfacial temperature\cite{Kuang12}. |
| 114 |
> |
interfacial temperature\cite{Kuang12}. The resulting solid/liquid kinetic friction coefficients were |
| 115 |
> |
reported, and displayed a factor of two difference between the |
| 116 |
> |
basal and prismatic facets. We beleived this was due to an effective |
| 117 |
> |
difference in the contact of the water with the different facets. |
| 118 |
|
|
| 119 |
< |
Paragraph here about hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, maybe move up |
| 120 |
< |
more in the paper as well. Talk about physically what it means for a |
| 121 |
< |
surface to by hydrophobic or hydrophilic, and then we move into |
| 122 |
< |
how do we define it (mathematically) and then measure the degree |
| 123 |
< |
of wetting experimentally and theoretically. |
| 119 |
> |
Surfaces exhibit varying interactions with water, and are |
| 120 |
> |
charactarized as either being hydrophobic or hydrophilic based on the |
| 121 |
> |
extent of these interactions. Hydrophobic surfaces have unfavorable |
| 122 |
> |
solid-liquid interactions, and result in water maintaining a spherical |
| 123 |
> |
or droplet shape on the surface. This occurs due to the liquid-liquid |
| 124 |
> |
intermolecular forces being stronger than the solid-liquid |
| 125 |
> |
interaction. Conversely, hydrophilic surfaces display large water |
| 126 |
> |
spreading over the surface. Here solid-liquid interactions are |
| 127 |
> |
stronger than the liquid-liquid interactions, which results in the |
| 128 |
> |
water spreading out over the surface. |
| 129 |
|
|
| 130 |
|
The hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of a surface can be described by the |
| 131 |
|
extent a droplet of water wets the surface. The contact angle formed between |
| 149 |
|
the change in contact angle to be due to the external field perturbing the |
| 150 |
|
hydrogen bonding of the liquid/vapor interface\cite{Daub07}. |
| 151 |
|
|
| 152 |
– |
The resulting solid/liquid kinetic friction coefficients were |
| 153 |
– |
reported, and displayed a factor of two difference between the |
| 154 |
– |
basal and prismatic facets. |
| 152 |
|
In this paper we present the same analysis for the pyramidal and secondary |
| 153 |
|
prismatic facets, and show that the differential interfacial friction |
| 154 |
|
coefficients for the four facets of ice-I$_\mathrm{h}$ are determined by their |
| 303 |
|
These results indicate that the surface structure of the exposed ice crystal |
| 304 |
|
has little to no effect on how far into the bulk the ice-like structural |
| 305 |
|
ordering is. Also, it appears that the interface is not structurally effected |
| 306 |
< |
by shearing the ice through water. |
| 306 |
> |
by the movement of water over the ice. |
| 307 |
|
|
| 308 |
|
|
| 309 |
|
\subsection{Orientational dynamics} |
