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2 < %% Created for Charles F. Vardeman II at 2007-07-28 09:35:59 -0400
2 > %% Created for Charles Vardeman at 2007-10-04 14:17:46 -0400
3  
4  
5   %% Saved with string encoding Western (ASCII)
6  
7  
8  
9 + @article{Zhu:1997lr,
10 +        Abstract = {Experimental bulk mixing data on disordered bimetallics of Ni, Cu, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, and Au are used to parametrize the recently developed {$\backslash$}underline{\{}b{\}}ond {$\backslash$}underline{\{}o{\}}rder metal {$\backslash$}underline{\{}s{\}}imulator (BOS-mixing) model, including a full error analysis. This model characterizes the variation of metal-metal bond strength with number and type of atomic neighbors. The model is shown to accurately fit experimental mixing energy curves as a function of composition irrespective of whether the curves are symmetric or asymmetric around the 50{\%} value. As an illustration of the utility of the BOS-mixing model, we predict the microstructures of bimetallic clusters with 201 atoms (or 61{\%} dispersion) and a composition of 50{\%}-50{\%}. The examples demonstrate how differences in surface energy, mixing energy, and mixing entropy either compete or cooperate in determining the microstructure of small bimetallic clusters.},
11 +        Author = {Zhu, Ling and DePristo, Andrew E.},
12 +        Date-Added = {2007-10-03 14:57:41 -0400},
13 +        Date-Modified = {2007-10-03 14:58:17 -0400},
14 +        Journal = {Journal of Catalysis},
15 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/sdarticle2.pdf},
16 +        Number = {2},
17 +        Pages = {400--407},
18 +        Title = {Microstructures of Bimetallic Clusters: Bond Order Metal Simulator for Disordered Alloys},
19 +        Ty = {JOUR},
20 +        Url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WHJ-45KMYC8-80/2/0c7f43e48e4dfa1206cb717c85db1972},
21 +        Volume = {167},
22 +        Year = {1997}}
23 +
24 + @article{MainardiD.S._la0014306,
25 +        Affiliation = {Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208},
26 +        Author = {Mainardi, D.S. and Balbuena, P.B.},
27 +        Date-Added = {2007-10-03 14:53:26 -0400},
28 +        Date-Modified = {2007-10-03 15:01:14 -0400},
29 +        Issn = {0743-7463},
30 +        Journal = {Langmuir},
31 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/la0014306.pdf},
32 +        Number = {6},
33 +        Pages = {2047-2050},
34 +        Title = {Monte Carlo Simulation of Cu-Ni Nanoclusters: Surface Segregation Studies},
35 +        Url = {http://pubs3.acs.org/acs/journals/doilookup?in_doi=10.1021/la0014306},
36 +        Volume = {17},
37 +        Year = {2001}}
38 +
39 + @article{nose:1803,
40 +        Author = {Shuichi Nose and Fumiko Yonezawa},
41 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-21 13:00:58 -0400},
42 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-21 13:01:18 -0400},
43 +        Doi = {10.1063/1.450427},
44 +        Journal = {The Journal of Chemical Physics},
45 +        Keywords = {LENNARDJONES POTENTIAL; COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION; MELTING; CRYSTALLIZATION; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS CALCULATION; LIQUID STRUCTURE; NUCLEATION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS},
46 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/JChemPhys_84_1803.pdf},
47 +        Number = {3},
48 +        Pages = {1803-1814},
49 +        Publisher = {AIP},
50 +        Title = {Isothermal--isobaric computer simulations of melting and crystallization of a Lennard-Jones system},
51 +        Url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JCP/84/1803/1},
52 +        Volume = {84},
53 +        Year = {1986}}
54 +
55 + @article{hsu:4974,
56 +        Author = {C. S. Hsu and Aneesur Rahman},
57 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-21 12:52:21 -0400},
58 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-21 12:52:40 -0400},
59 +        Doi = {10.1063/1.438311},
60 +        Journal = {The Journal of Chemical Physics},
61 +        Keywords = {NUCLEATION; SYMMETRY; INTERATOMIC FORCES; RUBIDIUM; LENNARD=(HYPHEN)=JONES POTENTIAL; CORRELATIONS; CRYSTALS},
62 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/JChemPhys_71_4974.pdf},
63 +        Number = {12},
64 +        Pages = {4974-4986},
65 +        Publisher = {AIP},
66 +        Title = {Interaction potentials and their effect on crystal nucleation and symmetry},
67 +        Url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JCP/71/4974/1},
68 +        Volume = {71},
69 +        Year = {1979}}
70 +
71 + @article{PhysRevLett.53.1951,
72 +        Author = {Shechtman, D. and Blech, I. and Gratias, D. and Cahn, J. W.},
73 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-20 17:44:19 -0400},
74 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-20 17:44:57 -0400},
75 +        Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.1951},
76 +        Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
77 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/p1951_1.pdf},
78 +        Month = {Nov},
79 +        Number = {20},
80 +        Numpages = {2},
81 +        Pages = {1951--1953},
82 +        Publisher = {American Physical Society},
83 +        Title = {Metallic Phase with Long-Range Orientational Order and No Translational Symmetry},
84 +        Volume = {53},
85 +        Year = {1984}}
86 +
87 + @article{PhysRevLett.56.1168,
88 +        Author = {Stephens, Peter W. and Goldman, Alan I.},
89 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-20 17:35:02 -0400},
90 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-20 17:35:08 -0400},
91 +        Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.1168},
92 +        Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
93 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/p1168_1.pdf},
94 +        Month = {Mar},
95 +        Number = {11},
96 +        Numpages = {3},
97 +        Pages = {1168--1171},
98 +        Publisher = {American Physical Society},
99 +        Title = {Sharp Diffraction Maxima from an Icosahedral Glass},
100 +        Volume = {56},
101 +        Year = {1986}}
102 +
103 + @article{HOARE:1976fk,
104 +        Author = {HOARE, M},
105 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-20 16:52:33 -0400},
106 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-20 16:52:37 -0400},
107 +        Journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
108 +        Pages = {186-207},
109 +        Title = {STABILITY AND LOCAL ORDER IN SIMPLE AMORPHOUS PACKINGS},
110 +        Volume = {279},
111 +        Year = {1976}}
112 +
113 + @article{19871127,
114 +        Abstract = {Numerous examples of metallic alloys have been discovered, the atomic structures of which display an icosahedral symmetry that is impossible for ordinary periodic crystals. Recent experimental results support the hypothesis that the alloys are examples of a new ``quasicrystal'' phase of solid matter. Observed deviations from an ideal quasicrystal structure can be explained as ``phason strains,'' a special class of defects predicted to be the dominant type of imperfection formed during solidification.},
115 +        Author = {Steinhardt, Paul J.},
116 +        Copyright = {Copyright 1987 American Association for the Advancement of Science},
117 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-20 15:31:29 -0400},
118 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-20 15:31:36 -0400},
119 +        Issn = {0036-8075},
120 +        Journal = {Science},
121 +        Jstor_Articletype = {Full Length Article},
122 +        Jstor_Date = {19871127},
123 +        Jstor_Formatteddate = {Nov. 27, 1987},
124 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/steinhart_science.pdf},
125 +        Month = {nov},
126 +        Number = {4831},
127 +        Pages = {1242--1247},
128 +        Publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
129 +        Series = {3},
130 +        Title = {Icosahedral Solids: A New Phase of Matter?},
131 +        Url = {http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0036-8075%2819871127%293%3A238%3A4831%3C1242%3AISANPO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-I},
132 +        Volume = {238},
133 +        Year = {1987}}
134 +
135 + @article{Waal:1995lr,
136 +        Abstract = {It is proposed that the splitting of the second peak of the total static structure factor, S(k), of many metallic glasses is essentially the same feature as the indentation at k{$[$}sigma{$]$} = (9/2){$[$}pi{$]$} in the function (sin k {$[$}sigma{$]$} + {$[$}alpha{$]$}-1 sin k{$[$}alpha{$]$}{$[$}sigma{$]$}), caused by the coincidence of the fourth minimum of the second term with the third maximum of the first term when {$[$}alpha{$]$} {$[$}approximate{$]$} 5/3. Together with the strong-weak relation of the split peak components of S(k), this feature indicates the splitting to be direct evidence for face-sharing of regular tetrahedra ({$[$}alpha{$]$} = 2{$[$}square root{$]$}2/3) dominating the topological short range order; increasing the number of face-sharing tetrahedra in local structural units indeed increases the amount of peak splitting in S(k); a dense random packing of well defined identical structural units (DRPSU), with neighbouring units linked together by a shared icosahedron, is described in detail. The packing fraction in a homogeneous, isotropic 1078-atom model is 0.67, after static relaxation under a two-body Lennard-Jones potential.},
137 +        Author = {van de Waal, Benjamin W.},
138 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-20 13:17:52 -0400},
139 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-20 13:18:07 -0400},
140 +        Journal = {Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids},
141 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/sdarticle1.pdf},
142 +        Number = {1-2},
143 +        Pages = {118--128},
144 +        Title = {On the origin of second-peak splitting in the static structure factor of metallic glasses},
145 +        Ty = {JOUR},
146 +        Url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TXM-3YB50T0-Y/2/cfc3dd6cbf53b26af1daf9cddb6dd2e3},
147 +        Volume = {189},
148 +        Year = {1995}}
149 +
150 + @article{turnbull:411,
151 +        Author = {David Turnbull},
152 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-19 16:54:15 -0400},
153 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-19 16:58:15 -0400},
154 +        Doi = {10.1063/1.1700435},
155 +        Journal = {The Journal of Chemical Physics},
156 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/JChemPhys_20_411.pdf},
157 +        Number = {3},
158 +        Pages = {411-424},
159 +        Publisher = {AIP},
160 +        Title = {Kinetics of Solidification of Supercooled Liquid Mercury Droplets},
161 +        Url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JCP/20/411/1},
162 +        Volume = {20},
163 +        Year = {1952}}
164 +
165 + @article{235821,
166 +        Address = {New York, NY, USA},
167 +        Author = {C. Bradford Barber and David P. Dobkin and Hannu Huhdanpaa},
168 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-18 19:11:42 -0400},
169 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-18 19:11:50 -0400},
170 +        Doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/235815.235821},
171 +        Issn = {0098-3500},
172 +        Journal = {ACM Trans. Math. Softw.},
173 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/p469-barber.pdf},
174 +        Number = {4},
175 +        Pages = {469--483},
176 +        Publisher = {ACM Press},
177 +        Title = {The quickhull algorithm for convex hulls},
178 +        Volume = {22},
179 +        Year = {1996}}
180 +
181 + @article{0031-9155-41-9-016,
182 +        Abstract = {Volume measurements are useful in many branches of science and medicine. They are usually accomplished by acquiring a sequence of cross sectional images through the object using an appropriate scanning modality, for example x-ray computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) or ultrasound (US). In the cases of CT and MR, a dividing cubes algorithm can be used to describe the surface as a triangle mesh. However, such algorithms are not suitable for US data, especially when the image sequence is multiplanar (as it usually is). This problem may be overcome by manually tracing regions of interest (ROIs) on the registered multiplanar images and connecting the points into a trianglar mesh. In this paper we describe and evaluate a new discreet form of Gauss' theorem which enables the calculation of the volume of any enclosed surface described by a triangular mesh. The volume is calculated by summing the vector product of the centroid, area and normal of each surface triangle. The algorithm was tested on computer-generated objects, US-scanned balloons, livers and kidneys and CT-scanned clay rocks. The results, expressed as the mean percentage difference one standard deviation were , , and \% for balloons, livers, kidneys and rocks respectively. The results compare favourably with other volume estimation methods such as planimetry and tetrahedral decomposition.},
183 +        Author = {S W Hughes, T J D'Arcy, D J Maxwell, J E Saunders, C F Ruff, W S C Chiu and R J Sheppard},
184 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-18 18:49:49 -0400},
185 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-18 18:49:55 -0400},
186 +        Journal = {Physics in Medicine and Biology},
187 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/m60915.pdf},
188 +        Number = {9},
189 +        Pages = {1809-1821},
190 +        Title = {Application of a new discreet form of Gauss' theorem for measuring volume},
191 +        Url = {http://stacks.iop.org/0031-9155/41/1809},
192 +        Volume = {41},
193 +        Year = {1996}}
194 +
195 + @article{Balucani:1990fk,
196 +        Author = {Balucani, U. and Vallauri, R.},
197 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-18 11:47:47 -0400},
198 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-18 11:48:01 -0400},
199 +        Journal = {Chemical Physics Letters},
200 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/sdarticle0.pdf},
201 +        Number = {1},
202 +        Pages = {77--81},
203 +        Title = {Evolution of bond-angle distribution from liquid to glassy states},
204 +        Ty = {JOUR},
205 +        Url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFN-44XDV0S-9H/2/fa1467fe68d6474b775de0f4cfd7f7ab},
206 +        Volume = {166},
207 +        Year = {1990}}
208 +
209 + @article{Sheng:2006lr,
210 +        Annote = {10.1038/nature04421},
211 +        Author = {Sheng, H. W. and Luo, W. K. and Alamgir, F. M. and Bai, J. M. and Ma, E.},
212 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-17 12:50:02 -0400},
213 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-17 12:50:07 -0400},
214 +        Isbn = {0028-0836},
215 +        Journal = {Nature},
216 +        L3 = {http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v439/n7075/suppinfo/nature04421_S1.html},
217 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/nature04421.pdf},
218 +        M3 = {10.1038/nature04421},
219 +        Number = {7075},
220 +        Pages = {419--425},
221 +        Title = {Atomic packing and short-to-medium-range order in metallic glasses},
222 +        Ty = {JOUR},
223 +        Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04421},
224 +        Volume = {439},
225 +        Year = {2006}}
226 +
227 + @article{19521106,
228 +        Author = {Frank, F. C.},
229 +        Copyright = {Copyright 1952 The Royal Society},
230 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-17 12:26:50 -0400},
231 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-17 12:26:56 -0400},
232 +        Group = {A Discussion on Theory of Liquids},
233 +        Issn = {0080-4630},
234 +        Journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences},
235 +        Jstor_Articletype = {Full Length Article},
236 +        Jstor_Date = {19521106},
237 +        Jstor_Formatteddate = {Nov. 6, 1952},
238 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/frank_icos_liq.pdf},
239 +        Month = {nov},
240 +        Number = {1120},
241 +        Pages = {43--46},
242 +        Publisher = {The Royal Society},
243 +        Title = {Supercooling of Liquids},
244 +        Url = {http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0080-4630%2819521106%29215%3A1120%3C43%3ASOL%3E2.0.CO%3B2-9},
245 +        Volume = {215},
246 +        Year = {1952}}
247 +
248 + @article{PhysRevLett.91.135505,
249 +        Author = {Di Cicco, Andrea and Trapananti, Angela and Faggioni, Silena and Filipponi, Adriano},
250 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-17 12:15:58 -0400},
251 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-17 12:16:09 -0400},
252 +        Doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.135505},
253 +        Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
254 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/e135505.pdf},
255 +        Month = {Sep},
256 +        Number = {13},
257 +        Numpages = {4},
258 +        Pages = {135505},
259 +        Publisher = {American Physical Society},
260 +        Title = {Is There Icosahedral Ordering in Liquid and Undercooled Metals?},
261 +        Volume = {91},
262 +        Year = {2003}}
263 +
264 + @article{duijneveldt:4655,
265 +        Author = {J. S. van Duijneveldt and D. Frenkel},
266 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-13 16:50:13 -0400},
267 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-13 16:50:22 -0400},
268 +        Doi = {10.1063/1.462802},
269 +        Journal = {The Journal of Chemical Physics},
270 +        Keywords = {COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION; FREE ENERGY; CRYSTALS; NUCLEATION; THERMAL BARRIERS; MONTE CARLO METHOD; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; FCC LATTICES; BCC LATTICES; SIMULATION; HOMOGENEITY},
271 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/JChemPhys_96_4655.pdf},
272 +        Number = {6},
273 +        Pages = {4655-4668},
274 +        Publisher = {AIP},
275 +        Title = {Computer simulation study of free energy barriers in crystal nucleation},
276 +        Url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JCP/96/4655/1},
277 +        Volume = {96},
278 +        Year = {1992}}
279 +
280 + @article{Jiang:2005lr,
281 +        Author = {Hongjin Jiang and Kyoung-sik Moon and Wong, C. P.},
282 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-11 14:55:57 -0400},
283 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-11 14:56:06 -0400},
284 +        Isbn = {1550-5723},
285 +        Journal = {Advanced Packaging Materials: Processes, Properties and Interfaces, 2005. Proceedings. International Symposium on},
286 +        Journal1 = {Advanced Packaging Materials: Processes, Properties and Interfaces, 2005. Proceedings. International Symposium on},
287 +        Keywords = {adhesives; conducting polymers; copper alloys; filled polymers; filler metals; integrated circuit interconnections; materials preparation; nanoparticles; powder technology; powders; silver alloys; Ag-Cu alloy nanoparticle synthesis; AgCu; TEM observation; UV absorption; conductive filler; electrically conductive adhesive; lead-free interconnect material; mixed alloy structure; polyol process; silver-copper alloy},
288 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/01432072.pdf},
289 +        Pages = {173--177},
290 +        Title = {Synthesis of Ag-Cu alloy nanoparticles for lead-free interconnect materials},
291 +        Title1 = {Advanced Packaging Materials: Processes, Properties and Interfaces, 2005. Proceedings. International Symposium on},
292 +        Ty = {CONF},
293 +        Year = {2005}}
294 +
295 + @unpublished{hartlandPrv2007,
296 +        Author = {G. V. Hartland},
297 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-10 16:28:58 -0400},
298 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-10 16:34:05 -0400},
299 +        Howpublished = {(private communication)},
300 +        Note = {Private Communication},
301 +        Title = {Interfacial Conductance for Nanoparticles}}
302 +
303 + @article{xuan:043507,
304 +        Author = {Yimin Xuan and Qiang Li and Xing Zhang and Motoo Fujii},
305 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-10 16:25:23 -0400},
306 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-10 16:26:01 -0400},
307 +        Doi = {10.1063/1.2245203},
308 +        Eid = {043507},
309 +        Journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
310 +        Keywords = {nanoparticles; suspensions; stochastic processes; Brownian motion; heat transfer; thermal conductivity; two-phase flow},
311 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/JApplPhys_100_043507.pdf},
312 +        Number = {4},
313 +        Numpages = {6},
314 +        Pages = {043507},
315 +        Publisher = {AIP},
316 +        Title = {Stochastic thermal transport of nanoparticle suspensions},
317 +        Url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JAP/100/043507/1},
318 +        Volume = {100},
319 +        Year = {2006}}
320 +
321 + @article{Henglein:1999fk,
322 +        Abstract = {Colloidal silver sols of long-time stability are formed in the gamma-irradiation of 1.0 x 10(-4) M AgClO4 solutions, which also contain 0.3 M 2-propanol, 2.5 x 10(-2) M N2O, and sodium citrate in various concentrations. The reduction of Ag+ in these solutions is brought about by the I-hydroxyalkyl radical generated in the radiolysis of 2-propanol; citrate does not act as a reductant but solely as a stabilizer of the colloidal particles formed. Its concentration is varied in the range from 5.0 x 10(-5) to 1.5 x 10(-3) M, and the size and size distribution of the silver particles are studied by electron microscopy. At low citrate concentration, partly agglomerated large particles are formed that have many imperfections. In an intermediate range (a few 10(-4) M), well-separated particles with a rather narrow size distribution and little imperfections are formed, the size slightly decreasing with increasing citrate concentration. At high citrate concentrations, large lumps of coalesced silver particles are present, due to destabilization by the high ionic strength of the solution. These findings are explained by two growth mechanisms: condensation of small silver clusters (type-I growth), and reduction of Ag+ on silver particles via radical-to-particle electron transfer (type-II growth). The particles formed in the intermediate range of citrate concentration were studied by high-resolution electron microscopy and computer simulations. They constitute icosahedra and cuboctahedra.},
323 +        Author = {Henglein, A and Giersig, M},
324 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-07 18:11:39 -0400},
325 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-07 18:17:03 -0400},
326 +        Journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry B},
327 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/jp9925334.pdf},
328 +        Pages = {9533-9539},
329 +        Title = {Formation of colloidal silver nanoparticles: Capping action of citrate},
330 +        Volume = {103},
331 +        Year = {1999}}
332 +
333 + @article{Link:2000lr,
334 +        Abstract = {Driven by the search for new materials with interesting and unique properties and also by the fundamental question of how atomic and molecular physical behaviour develops with increasing size, the field of nanoparticle research has grown immensely in the last two decades. Partially for these reasons, colloidal solutions of metallic (especially silver and gold) nanoparticles have long fascinated scientists because of their very intense colours. The intense red colour of colloidal gold nanoparticles is due to their surface plasmon absorption. This article describes the physical origin of the surface plasmon absorption in gold nanoparticles with emphasis on the Mie and also the Maxwell-Garnett theory and reviews the effects of particle size and shape on the resonance condition. A better understanding of the relationship between the optical absorption spectrum (in particular, the plasmon resonance) and such particle properties as its dimensions or surrounding environment can prove fruitful for the use of the plasmon absorption as an analytical tool. The plasmon resonance has also had a great impact on the Raman spectrum of surface-adsorbed molecules and a large enhancement of the fluorescence quantum yield of gold nanorods is observed. Furthermore, following the changes in the plasmon absorption induced by excitation (heating) with ultrashort laser pulses allows one to monitor the electron dynamics (electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions) in real time, which is important in understanding such fundamental questions regarding the thermal and electrical conductivity of these nanoparticles. Very intense heating with laser pulses leads to structural changes of the nanoparticles (nuclear rearrangements in the form of melting and fragmentation). ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR Copyright of International Reviews in Physical Chemistry is the property of Taylor \& Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts)},
335 +        Abstract1 = {Driven by the search for new materials with interesting and unique properties and also by the fundamental question of how atomic and molecular physical behaviour develops with increasing size, the field of nanoparticle research has grown immensely in the last two decades. Partially for these reasons, colloidal solutions of metallic (especially silver and gold) nanoparticles have long fascinated scientists because of their very intense colours. The intense red colour of colloidal gold nanoparticles is due to their surface plasmon absorption. This article describes the physical origin of the surface plasmon absorption in gold nanoparticles with emphasis on the Mie and also the Maxwell-Garnett theory and reviews the effects of particle size and shape on the resonance condition. A better understanding of the relationship between the optical absorption spectrum (in particular, the plasmon resonance) and such particle properties as its dimensions or surrounding environment can prove fruitful for the use of the plasmon absorption as an analytical tool. The plasmon resonance has also had a great impact on the Raman spectrum of surface-adsorbed molecules and a large enhancement of the fluorescence quantum yield of gold nanorods is observed. Furthermore, following the changes in the plasmon absorption induced by excitation (heating) with ultrashort laser pulses allows one to monitor the electron dynamics (electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions) in real time, which is important in understanding such fundamental questions regarding the thermal and electrical conductivity of these nanoparticles. Very intense heating with laser pulses leads to structural changes of the nanoparticles (nuclear rearrangements in the form of melting and fragmentation). ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR Copyright of International Reviews in Physical Chemistry is the property of Taylor \& Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts)},
336 +        Annote = {Accession Number: 3844873; Link, Stephan 1 El-Sayed, Mostafa A. 1; Affiliations:  1: Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA; Source Information: Jul/Sep2000, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p409; Subject Term: MOLECULAR structure; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Number of Pages: 45p; Document Type: Article},
337 +        Author = {Link, Stephan and El-Sayed, Mostafa A.},
338 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-07 16:21:48 -0400},
339 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-07 16:21:55 -0400},
340 +        Isbn = {0144235X},
341 +        J1 = {International Reviews in Physical Chemistry},
342 +        Journal = {International Reviews in Physical Chemistry},
343 +        Journal1 = {International Reviews in Physical Chemistry},
344 +        Keywords = {MOLECULAR structure; NANOPARTICLES},
345 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/3844873.pdf},
346 +        M3 = {Article},
347 +        Number = {3},
348 +        Pages = {409--453},
349 +        Publisher = {Taylor \& Francis Ltd},
350 +        Title = {Shape and size dependence of radiative, non-radiative and photothermal properties of gold nanocrystals.},
351 +        Ty = {JOUR},
352 +        Url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,url,uid,cookie&db=afh&AN=3844873&site=ehost-live},
353 +        Volume = {19},
354 +        Year = {2000}}
355 +
356 + @article{BROOKS:1985kx,
357 +        Author = {BROOKS, CL and BRUNGER, A and KARPLUS, M},
358 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-06 15:55:51 -0400},
359 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-06 15:56:44 -0400},
360 +        Journal = {Biopolymers},
361 +        Pages = {843-865},
362 +        Title = {ACTIVE-SITE DYNAMICS IN PROTEIN MOLECULES - A STOCHASTIC BOUNDARY MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS APPROACH},
363 +        Volume = {24},
364 +        Year = {1985}}
365 +
366 + @article{BRUNGER:1984fj,
367 +        Author = {BRUNGER, A and BROOKS, CL and KARPLUS, M},
368 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-06 15:55:51 -0400},
369 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-06 15:56:36 -0400},
370 +        Journal = {Chemical Physics Letters},
371 +        Pages = {495-500},
372 +        Title = {STOCHASTIC BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS FOR MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF ST2 WATER},
373 +        Volume = {105},
374 +        Year = {1984}}
375 +
376 + @article{BROOKS:1983uq,
377 +        Author = {BROOKS, CL and KARPLUS, M},
378 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-06 15:55:51 -0400},
379 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-06 15:56:24 -0400},
380 +        Journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics},
381 +        Pages = {6312-6325},
382 +        Title = {DEFORMABLE STOCHASTIC BOUNDARIES IN MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS},
383 +        Volume = {79},
384 +        Year = {1983}}
385 +
386 + @book{Strandburg:1992qy,
387 +        Address = {New York},
388 +        Annote = {LDR    01152pam  2200301 a 4500
389 + 001    2960109
390 + 005    19920314112708.5
391 + 008    910605s1992    nyua     b    001 0 eng  
392 + 035    $9(DLC)   91020237
393 + 906    $a7$bcbc$corignew$d1$eocip$f19$gy-gencatlg
394 + 955    $apc17 to ea00 06-05-91; ea27 to SCD 06-05-91; fg08 06-06-91; fm27 6-11-91; CIP ver. bc27 03-07-92; to SL 03-14-92
395 + 010    $a   91020237
396 + 020    $a0387976388 (U.S. : alk. paper)
397 + 020    $a3540976388
398 + 040    $aDLC$cDLC$dDLC
399 + 050 00 $aQC173.4.C65$bB66 1992
400 + 082 00 $a530.4/1$220
401 + 245 00 $aBond-orientational order in condensed matter systems /$cKatherine J. Strandburg, editor ; foreword by David R. Nelson.
402 + 260    $aNew York :$bSpringer-Verlag,$c1992.
403 + 300    $axi, 388 p. :$bill. ;$c25 cm.
404 + 440  0 $aPartially ordered systems
405 + 504    $aIncludes bibliographical references and index.
406 + 650  0 $aCondensed matter.
407 + 650  0 $aCrystals.
408 + 650  0 $aGlass.
409 + 650  0 $aPhase transformations (Statistical physics)
410 + 700 1  $aStrandburg, Katherine Jo,$d1957-
411 + 991    $bc-GenColl$hQC173.4.C65$iB66 1992$p00036991264$tCopy 1$wBOOKS
412 + },
413 +        Author = {Strandburg, Katherine Jo},
414 +        Call-Number = {QC173.4.C65},
415 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-06 15:29:04 -0400},
416 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-06 15:29:37 -0400},
417 +        Dewey-Call-Number = {530.4/1},
418 +        Genre = {Condensed matter},
419 +        Isbn = {0387976388 (U.S. : alk. paper)},
420 +        Library-Id = {91020237},
421 +        Publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
422 +        Title = {Bond-orientational order in condensed matter systems},
423 +        Year = {1992}}
424 +
425 + @book{Kittel:1996fk,
426 +        Address = {New York},
427 +        Annote = {LDR    01170cam  2200289 a 4500
428 + 001    1143187
429 + 005    20060719213349.0
430 + 008    950426s1996    nyua     b    001 0 eng  
431 + 906    $a7$bcbc$corignew$d1$eocip$f19$gy-gencatlg
432 + 955    $apc01 to JA00 04-26-95; je39 04-27-95; je05 to DDC 04-27-95; CIP ver. pv08 07-27-95
433 + 035    $9(DLC)   95018445
434 + 010    $a   95018445
435 + 020    $a0471111813 (alk. paper)
436 + 040    $aDLC$cDLC$dDLC
437 + 050 00 $aQC176$b.K5 1996
438 + 082 00 $a530.4/1$220
439 + 100 1  $aKittel, Charles.
440 + 245 10 $aIntroduction to solid state physics /$cCharles Kittel.
441 + 250    $a7th ed.
442 + 260    $aNew York :$bWiley,$cc1996.
443 + 300    $axi, 673 p. :$bill. ;$c25 cm.
444 + 504    $aIncludes bibliographical references and index.
445 + 650  0 $aSolid state physics.
446 + 856 42 $3Publisher description$uhttp://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/wiley033/95018445.html
447 + 856 4  $3Table of Contents only$uhttp://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/onix03/95018445.html
448 + 856 42 $3Contributor biographical information$uhttp://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0607/95018445-b.html
449 + 991    $bc-GenColl$hQC176$i.K5 1996$p00035929873$tCopy 1$wBOOKS
450 + },
451 +        Author = {Kittel, Charles},
452 +        Call-Number = {QC176},
453 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-06 15:23:29 -0400},
454 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-06 15:25:11 -0400},
455 +        Dewey-Call-Number = {530.4/1},
456 +        Edition = {7th ed},
457 +        Genre = {Solid state physics},
458 +        Isbn = {0471111813 (alk. paper)},
459 +        Library-Id = {95018445},
460 +        Publisher = {Wiley},
461 +        Title = {Introduction to solid state physics},
462 +        Url = {http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/wiley033/95018445.html},
463 +        Year = {1996}}
464 +
465 + @misc{Hartland:2003lr,
466 +        Abstract = {Laser excitation of metal nanoparticles can provide enough energy to melt or even fragment the particles. In this article we describe some recent experiments where controlled laser excitation was used to transform core-shell bimetallic particles into the corresponding alloy. Results for Au-Ag particles in solution and in a thin film are presented. Details are given about the excitation energies needed for alloying and how interdiffusion and alloying occur in nanoparticles. The spectral and dynamical properties of bimetallic particles are also discussed - especially as they pertain to our experiments.},
467 +        Author = {Hartland, GV and Guillaudeu, S and Hodak, JH},
468 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-06 15:19:25 -0400},
469 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-06 15:19:59 -0400},
470 +        Note = {Molecules As Components of Electronic Devices},
471 +        Pages = {106-122},
472 +        Series = {ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES},
473 +        Title = {Laser-induced alloying in metal nanoparticles: Controlling spectral properties with light},
474 +        Volume = {844},
475 +        Year = {2003}}
476 +
477 + @article{HengleinA._jp992950g,
478 +        Affiliation = {Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556},
479 +        Author = {Henglein, A.},
480 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-06 15:01:20 -0400},
481 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-06 15:01:27 -0400},
482 +        Issn = {1520-6106},
483 +        Journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry B},
484 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/jp992950g.pdf},
485 +        Number = {6},
486 +        Pages = {1206-1211},
487 +        Title = {Formation and Absorption Spectrum of Copper Nanoparticles from the Radiolytic Reduction of Cu(CN)2-},
488 +        Url = {http://pubs3.acs.org/acs/journals/doilookup?in_doi=10.1021/jp992950g},
489 +        Volume = {104},
490 +        Year = {2000}}
491 +
492 + @article{Petrova:2007qy,
493 +        Abstract = {This paper describes our recent time-resolved spectroscopy studies of the properties of gold particles at high laser excitation levels. In these experiments, an intense pump laser pulse rapidly heats the particle, creating very high lattice temperatures - up to the melting point of bulk gold. These high temperatures can have dramatic effects on the particle and the surroundings. The lattice temperature created is determined by observing the coherently excited the vibrational modes of the particles. The periods of these modes depend on temperature, thus, they act as an internal thermometer. We have used these experiments to provide values for the threshold temperatures for explosive boiling of the solvent surrounding the particles, and laser induced structural transformations in non-spherical particles. The results of these experiments are relevant to the use of metal nanoparticles in photothermal therapy, where laser induced heating is used to selectively kill cells.},
494 +        Author = {Petrova, Hristina and Hu, Min and Hartland, Gregory V.},
495 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-06 14:47:57 -0400},
496 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-06 14:49:36 -0400},
497 +        Doi = {DOI 10.1524/zpch.2007.221.3.361},
498 +        Journal = {Zeitschrift Fur Physikalische Chemie-International Journal of Research In Physical Chemistry \& Chemical Physics},
499 +        Keywords = {metal nanoparticles; phonon modes; photothermal properties; laser-induced heating},
500 +        Pages = {361-376},
501 +        Title = {Photothermal properties of gold nanoparticles},
502 +        Volume = {221},
503 +        Year = {2007}}
504 +
505 + @article{Hartland:2004fk,
506 +        Author = {Gregory V. Hartland},
507 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-06 14:34:21 -0400},
508 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-06 14:37:40 -0400},
509 +        Journal = {Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics},
510 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/b413368d.pdf},
511 +        Number = {23},
512 +        Pages = {5263-5274},
513 +        Title = {Measurements of the material properties of metal nanoparticles by time-resolved spectroscopy},
514 +        Volume = {6},
515 +        Year = {2004}}
516 +
517 + @article{Qi:2001nn,
518 +        Author = {Yue Qi and Tahir Cagin and William L. Johnson and William A. Goddard III},
519 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-06 13:34:45 -0400},
520 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-06 13:34:45 -0400},
521 +        Journal = {The Journal of Chemical Physics},
522 +        Keywords = {melting; freezing; crystallisation; nickel; nanostructured materials; metal clusters},
523 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/Qi/2001.pdf},
524 +        Number = {1},
525 +        Pages = {385-394},
526 +        Publisher = {AIP},
527 +        Title = {Melting and crystallization in Ni nanoclusters: The mesoscale regime},
528 +        Url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JCP/115/385/1},
529 +        Volume = {115},
530 +        Year = {2001}}
531 +
532 + @article{Cleveland:1997jb,
533 +        Author = {Charles L. Cleveland and Uzi Landman and Thomas G. Schaaff and Marat N. Shafigullin and Peter W. Stephens and Robert L. Whetten},
534 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-06 13:34:10 -0400},
535 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-06 13:34:10 -0400},
536 +        Journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
537 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/Cleveland/1997a.pdf},
538 +        Pages = {1873-1876},
539 +        Title = {Structural Evolution of Smaller Gold Nanocrystals: The Truncated Decahedral Motif},
540 +        Volume = {79},
541 +        Year = {1997}}
542 +
543 + @article{Roy:2003dy,
544 +        Author = {R.K. Roy and S.K. Mandal and A.K. Pal},
545 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-06 13:32:38 -0400},
546 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-06 13:32:38 -0400},
547 +        Journal = {Eur. Phys. J. B},
548 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/Roy/2003.pdf},
549 +        Pages = {109-114},
550 +        Title = {Effect of interfacial alloying on the surface plasmon resonance of nanocrystalline Au-Ag multilayer thin films},
551 +        Volume = {33},
552 +        Year = {2003}}
553 +
554 + @article{gonzalo:5163,
555 +        Author = {J. Gonzalo and D. Babonneau and C. N. Afonso and J.-P. Barnes},
556 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-06 13:32:05 -0400},
557 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-06 13:32:05 -0400},
558 +        Journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
559 +        Keywords = {alumina; silver; copper; nanocomposites; metallic thin films; pulsed laser deposition; surface plasmon resonance; spectral line shift; nucleation; visible spectra; electron diffraction; electron microscopy},
560 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/Gonzalo/2004.pdf},
561 +        Number = {9},
562 +        Pages = {5163-5168},
563 +        Publisher = {AIP},
564 +        Title = {Optical response of mixed Ag-Cu nanocrystals produced by pulsed laser deposition},
565 +        Url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JAP/96/5163/1},
566 +        Volume = {96},
567 +        Year = {2004}}
568 +
569 + @article{Kim:2003lv,
570 +        Author = {M. Kim and H. Na and K. C. Lee and E. A. Yoo and M. Lee},
571 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-06 13:31:15 -0400},
572 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-06 13:31:15 -0400},
573 +        Journal = {J. Mat. Chem},
574 +        Number = {7},
575 +        Pages = {1789-1792},
576 +        Title = {Preperation and characterization of Au-Ag and Au-Cu alloy nanoparticles in chloroform.},
577 +        Volume = {13},
578 +        Year = {2003}}
579 +
580 + @article{Malyavantham:2004cu,
581 +        Author = {Malyavantham, Gokul and O'Brien, Daniel T. and Becker, Michael F. and Keto, John W. and Kovar, Desiderio},
582 +        Date-Added = {2007-09-06 13:30:22 -0400},
583 +        Date-Modified = {2007-09-06 13:30:22 -0400},
584 +        Journal = {Journal of Nanoparticle Research},
585 +        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/Malyavantham/2004.pdf},
586 +        Number = {6},
587 +        Pages = {661 --664},
588 +        Title = {Au-Cu nanoparticles produced by laser ablation of mixtures of Au and Cu microparticles},
589 +        Ty = {JOUR},
590 +        Url = {http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article\& id=doi:10.1007/s11051-004-3212-z},
591 +        Volume = {6},
592 +        Year = {2004}}
593 +
594   @article{Ludwig:2003lr,
595          Address = {Physikalische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Universitat Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany. ludwig@pc2a.chemie.uni-dortmund.de},
596          Au = {Ludwig, R},
# Line 1482 | Line 2067
2067          Title = {Laser-Induced Inter-Diffusion in {A}u{A}g Core-Shell Nanoparticles},
2068          Volume = {104},
2069          Year = {2000}}
1485
1486 @inproceedings{Hartland:2003yf,
1487        Author = {G. V. Hartland and S. Guillaudeu and J Hodak},
1488        Booktitle = {ACS Symposium Series No. 844: Molecules as Components in Electronic Devices},
1489        Date-Added = {2006-09-22 14:06:42 -0400},
1490        Date-Modified = {2007-02-16 15:23:00 -0500},
1491        Editor = {M. Liebermann},
1492        Title = {Laser Induced Alloying in Metal Nanoparticles: Controlling Spectral Properties with Light.},
1493        Year = {2003}}
2070  
2071   @article{Gafner:2004bg,
2072          Author = {Yu. Ya. Gafner and S. L. Gafner and P. Entel},
# Line 1545 | Line 2121
2121          Volume = {28},
2122          Year = {1983}}
2123  
1548 @book{Sachdev:1992mo,
1549        Author = {S Sachdev},
1550        Date-Added = {2006-09-22 14:05:46 -0400},
1551        Date-Modified = {2007-02-16 15:23:00 -0500},
1552        Editor = {K J Strandburg},
1553        Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/charles/Documents/Papers/c8.pdf},
1554        Publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
1555        Series = {Partially Ordered Systems},
1556        Title = {Bond-Orientational Order in Condensed Matter Systems},
1557        Year = {1992}}
1558
2124   @book{Massalski:1986kl,
2125          Date-Added = {2006-09-22 14:05:43 -0400},
2126          Date-Modified = {2007-02-16 15:23:00 -0500},
# Line 1628 | Line 2193
2193                  <key>group name</key>
2194                  <string>Icosahedral Order</string>
2195                  <key>keys</key>
2196 <                <string>ganesh-2006-</string>
2196 >                <string>PhysRevLett.60.2295,hsu:4974,HOARE:1976fk,19871127,Balucani:1990fk,ganesh-2006-,PhysRevLett.53.1951,19521106,Waal:1995lr,Steinhardt:1983mo,PhysRevLett.56.1168,PhysRevLett.91.135505,turnbull:411,luo:131927</string>
2197          </dict>
2198          <dict>
2199                  <key>group name</key>
# Line 1640 | Line 2205
2205                  <key>group name</key>
2206                  <string>Melting-surface</string>
2207                  <key>keys</key>
2208 <                <string>PhysRevB.59.15990,cheng:064117,mendez-villuendas:185503,kay:5120,HuangS.-P._jp0204206,Ramirez-Caballero:2006lr,sankaranarayanan:155441</string>
2208 >                <string>PhysRevB.59.15990,cheng:064117,MainardiD.S._la0014306,kay:5120,Zhu:1997lr,sankaranarayanan:155441,Ramirez-Caballero:2006lr,HuangS.-P._jp0204206,mendez-villuendas:185503</string>
2209          </dict>
2210          <dict>
2211                  <key>group name</key>
# Line 1656 | Line 2221
2221          </dict>
2222          <dict>
2223                  <key>group name</key>
2224 +                <string>NPT Langevin</string>
2225 +                <key>keys</key>
2226 +                <string>calvo:125414,Kohanoff:2005,0953-8984-18-39-037,0031-9155-41-9-016,Buscaglia:1997fk,0953-8984-14-26-101,Baltazar:2006lr</string>
2227 +        </dict>
2228 +        <dict>
2229 +                <key>group name</key>
2230                  <string>Pair Analysis</string>
2231                  <key>keys</key>
2232 <                <string>Miracle:2006qy,Iwamatsu:2007lr,HoneycuttJ.Dana_j100303a014,PhysRevLett.60.2295</string>
2232 >                <string>PhysRevLett.60.2295,Iwamatsu:2007lr,HoneycuttJ.Dana_j100303a014,Miracle:2006qy</string>
2233          </dict>
2234          <dict>
2235                  <key>group name</key>

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