--- trunk/tengDissertation/LiquidCrystal.tex	2006/05/26 19:02:25	2780
+++ trunk/tengDissertation/LiquidCrystal.tex	2006/05/31 04:29:44	2781
@@ -1,7 +1,45 @@
 \chapter{\label{chapt:liquidcrystal}LIQUID CRYSTAL}
 
 \section{\label{liquidCrystalSection:introduction}Introduction}
+% liquid crystal
 
+Long range orientational order is one of the most fundamental
+properties of liquid crystal mesophases. This orientational
+anisotropy of the macroscopic phases originates in the shape
+anisotropy of the constituent molecules. Among these anisotropy
+mesogens, rod-like (calamitic) and disk-like molecules have been
+exploited in great detail in the last two decades. Typically, these
+mesogens consist of a rigid aromatic core and one or more attached
+aliphatic chains. For short chain molecules, only nematic phases, in
+which positional order is limited or absent, can be observed,
+because the entropy of mixing different parts of the mesogens is
+paramount to the dispersion interaction. In contrast, formation of
+the one dimension lamellar sematic phase in rod-like molecules with
+sufficiently long aliphatic chains has been reported, as well as the
+segregation phenomena in disk-like molecules.
+
+% banana shaped
+Recently, the banana-shaped or bent-core liquid crystal have became
+one of the most active research areas in mesogenic materials and
+supramolecular chemistry. Unlike rods and disks, the polarity and
+biaxiality of the banana-shaped molecules allow the molecules
+organize into a variety of novel liquid crystalline phases which
+show interesting material properties. Of particular interest is the
+spontaneous formation of macroscopic chiral layers from achiral
+banana-shaped molecules, where polar molecule orientational ordering
+is shown within the layer plane as well as the tilted arrangement of
+the molecules relative to the polar axis. As a consequence of
+supramolecular chirality, the spontaneous polarization arises in
+ferroelectric (FE) and antiferroelectic (AF) switching of smectic
+liquid crystal phases, demonstrating some promising applications in
+second-order nonlinear optical devices.
+
+The most widely investigated mesophase formed by banana-shaped
+moleculed is the $\text{B}_2$ phase, which is also known as
+$\text{SmCP}$.
+
+%Previous Theoretical Studies
+
 \section{\label{liquidCrystalSection:model}Model}
 
 \section{\label{liquidCrystalSection:methods}Methods}
